CloudSec-Pro Palo Alto Networks Cloud Security Professional Questions and Answers

To detect and alert on activities performed by a root account, an audit event policy should be used. An audit event policy is a type of policy that can be used to detect suspicious activities or events that may be related to security threats. This type of policy will allow the administrator to monitor and alert on any activities performed by a root account.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/prisma-cloud-policies/prisma-cloud-threat-detection

The correct policy type to use in order to detect and alert on any activities performed by a root account is an "audit event" policy. An audit event policy is designed to monitor and record a series of chronological events in the order they occur, typically used to track user activities and changes within the system. When a root account performs any actions, an audit event policy will log these events, allowing the administrator to review and potentially set up alerts if suspicious or unauthorized activities are detected. This type of policy is crucial for security and compliance purposes as it helps ensure that all actions performed with root privileges are legitimate and authorized.

Reference to this can be found in most cloud security platforms that offer CSPM (Cloud Security Posture Management) solutions. For example, within Prisma Cloud by Palo Alto Networks, audit events are a part of the Activity Monitoring features, which track user activities and system changes to facilitate investigations into suspicious or unauthorized actions.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin-compute/access_control/rbac

The runtime audit message indicating "DNS resolution of suspicious name wikipedia.com. type A" would appear as an audit because the DNS was not learned as part of the Container model or added to the DNS allow list (option A). In cloud security platforms like Prisma Cloud, runtime protection policies monitor the behavior of running containers and compare it against a learned model of expected behavior. If a container attempts to resolve a DNS name that was not observed during the learning phase or specifically allowed, it triggers an audit event to alert security teams of potentially malicious activity.

Prisma Cloud Code Security is designed to integrate security into the DevOps process by scanning infrastructure as code (IaC) templates and configurations for potential security issues. This proactive approach allows developers and security teams to address misconfigurations and vulnerabilities in the code itself, before they are deployed into the cloud environment and become more challenging to resolve. By identifying and rectifying these issues early in the development lifecycle, organizations can reduce the risk of alerts and incidents arising from misconfigurations in their cloud infrastructure, leading to a more secure and compliant cloud environment.

In AWS, the net effective permissions are calculated based on various policy types and identities. The correct choices are:

A. AWS service control policies (SCPs): SCPs are used in AWS Organizations to manage permissions for all accounts within the organization, affecting the net effective permissions.

B. AWS IAM group: IAM groups define a set of permissions for a collection of users, influencing their effective permissions.

C. AWS IAM role: IAM roles provide temporary security credentials to assume a set of permissions, impacting the net effective permissions. Option D (AWS IAM User) and E (AWS IAM tag policy) also play roles in defining permissions, but A, B, and C are the primary types used in calculating net effective permissions, making them the correct choices.

bat --> Data Classification

apk --> Malware Scanning

vb --> Data Classification

py --> Data Classification

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/prisma-cloud-data-security/monitor-data-security-scan-prisma-cloud/supported-file-extensions

Prisma Cloud Data Security (PCDS) supports various file types for malware scanning, including .apk files, which are Android Package files used for installing applications on Android operating systems. This support is crucial for ensuring that applications deployed on or distributed through Android devices are free from malware and safe for user installation.

In the context of Prisma Cloud, Build and Run policies serve distinct purposes in securing cloud environments. Build policies are designed to evaluate Infrastructure as Code (IaC) templates before deployment. These policies help identify and remediate security misconfigurations in the development phase, ensuring that vulnerabilities are addressed before the infrastructure is provisioned. This proactive approach enhances security by preventing misconfigurations from reaching production environments.

On the other hand, Run policies are applied to resources that are already deployed in the cloud. These policies continuously monitor the cloud environment, detecting and alerting on potential security issues that arise in the runtime. Run policies help maintain the security posture of cloud resources by identifying deviations from established security baselines and enabling quick remediation of identified issues.

Both Build and Run policies are integral to a comprehensive cloud security strategy, addressing security concerns at different stages of the cloud resource lifecycle—from development and deployment to ongoing operation.

The attempted bytes count in Prisma Cloud's context refers to the amount of traffic that is either denied by security group or firewall rules, or the traffic that was reset by a host or virtual machine (VM) that received the packet and responded with a RST (Reset) packet (A). This metric is crucial for understanding the nature of blocked or interrupted traffic within the cloud environment, helping administrators identify potential security threats or misconfigurations that may be preventing legitimate traffic. It encompasses both the traffic actively blocked by security controls and the traffic that the receiving entity deemed invalid or unwanted, thus providing a comprehensive view of the network's defensive posture.

When enabling Registry Scanning in Prisma Cloud for a registry that stores Windows images, it's important to note that Windows host defenders must be deployed in the environment to scan these images effectively. The Windows host defenders are specialized versions of the Prisma Cloud Defender that are designed to run on Windows operating systems. They provide the necessary functionality to scan Windows container images stored in registries, identifying vulnerabilities and ensuring the images comply with security policies before they are deployed. This requirement underscores the importance of having the appropriate Defender deployments that match the operating systems of the images being scanned.

The image provided showcases a filtered compliance view, which is displaying only certain checks with varying severities and descriptions related to container and image compliance. Since the compliance rule was configured to enable all checks but only a subset of entries is visible, it implies that the current view is filtered to show specific entries. To obtain a comprehensive view of all checks, including those that have passed, the rule options must be adjusted. By selecting the option to list both failed and passed checks, one can gain complete visibility over the compliance status of the container, ensuring that no aspect of the compliance has been overlooked and that all necessary information is available for review.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin-compute/audit/audit_admin_activity

When you have one or more tenant or scale Projects, upgrade all Supervisors before upgrading the Central Console. https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/20-09/prisma-cloud-compute-edition-admin/upgrade/upgrade_process

The Container Runtime Model in Prisma Cloud typically includes states such as Learning, Active, and Archived. The Learning state is where Prisma Cloud observes container behaviors to understand normal operations and establish a baseline. During this phase, the system is not actively enforcing security policies but is learning the typical behaviors and patterns of container activity. The Active state is where the system actively enforces security policies based on the learned behaviors and detected anomalies. Containers that exhibit suspicious or malicious activity that deviates from the baseline may trigger alerts or actions based on configured policies. The Archived state refers to containers that are no longer active but whose data and activity logs are retained for historical analysis or compliance purposes.

In Prisma Cloud Enterprise Edition, Palo Alto Networks hosts and runs the Console component. The Console serves as the central management interface for Prisma Cloud, allowing customers to configure policies, view alerts, and manage their cloud security posture without the need to host this component themselves.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/20-09/prisma-cloud-compute-edition-admin/upgrade/upgrade_process

1. click on compliance standard.

2. add custom compliance standard.

3. edit policies.

4. add compliance standard from drop-down menu

https://docs.prismacloudcompute.com/docs/enterprise_edition/compliance/custom_compliance_checks.html#creating-a-new-custom-check

The process of mapping a policy to a custom compliance standard in a security platform like Prisma Cloud by Palo Alto Networks involves several specific steps. Firstly, one must access the compliance standards, which is typically done by clicking on the "Compliance Standards" section within the platform's interface. This is where all standards, including custom and predefined ones, are listed.

Next, if the custom compliance standard does not already exist, it must be created. This step involves defining the criteria and controls that make up the standard, tailored to the organization's specific requirements.

Once the custom compliance standard is in place, the policy in question needs to be edited. This editing process would involve configuring the policy to align with the compliance controls outlined in the custom standard, ensuring that the policy will enforce or check for the necessary requirements as defined by the standard.

Finally, the last step is to formally associate or map the edited policy with the custom compliance standard. This is typically done by adding the policy to the standard, which may involve selecting the custom compliance standard from a drop-down menu within the policy settings, confirming that this particular policy should be enforced as part of the compliance checks for that standard.

This ordered process ensures that policies are properly aligned with the organization's compliance goals and can be enforced and reported on accurately within the security platform.

To assign a new policy to a compliance standard in Prisma Cloud, the administrator needs to edit the policy and navigate to the step where compliance standards are managed. By clicking the '+' button, the administrator can add the policy to a specific compliance standard, provide necessary details, and confirm the assignment. This integrates the custom policy into the chosen compliance standard, ensuring that compliance checks include the newly defined policy criteria.

When an administrator adds a Cloud account to Prisma Cloud and then deletes it, if the deleted account is added back to Prisma Cloud within a 24-hour period, the existing alerts associated with that account will be displayed again. This behavior ensures continuity in monitoring and alerting, allowing security teams to retain visibility into potential security issues or compliance violations associated with the cloud account. Re-displaying existing alerts helps maintain a consistent security posture and ensures that no critical alerts are overlooked during the re-addition process.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/manage-prisma-cloud-alerts/view-respond-to-prisma-cloud-alerts

Prisma Cloud supports integration with various Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) as part of its DevOps Security offerings, including Visual Studio Code (Option B) and IntelliJ (Option D). These integrations allow developers to scan their Infrastructure as Code (IaC) templates and application code for vulnerabilities and compliance issues directly within their preferred development environments, promoting a "shift left" security approach. BitBucket (Option A) and CircleCI (Option C) are more commonly associated with Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) pipelines rather than being IDEs.

To reduce the number of alerts generated by the "Unusual protocol activity (Internal)" network anomaly without entirely disabling the policy, setting the Alert Disposition to Conservative (option B) is the most effective strategy. This configuration adjusts the sensitivity of the anomaly detection, reducing the likelihood of false positives and minimizing alert fatigue without compromising the ability to detect genuine security threats. By adopting a more conservative approach to anomaly detection, the administrator can ensure that only the most significant and potentially harmful activities trigger alerts, thus maintaining a balance between security vigilance and operational efficiency.

When you create an access key, the key is tied to the role with which you logged in and if you delete the role, the access key is automatically deleted. https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/manage-prisma-cloud-administrators/create-access-keys

When configuring Kubernetes to use Prisma Cloud Compute as an admission controller, a crucial step involves D. copy the admission controller configuration from the Console and apply it to Kubernetes. This step is essential for integrating Prisma Cloud Compute's security controls directly into the Kubernetes admission process, enabling real-time security assessments and policy enforcement for new or modified resources within the cluster.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/20-04/prisma-cloud-compute-edition-admin/access_control/open_policy_agent.html step 2

Click Delete if you want to remove the notification from the alarm center. Once deleted, a similar alarm will not appear for the next 24 hours, if the same error occurs in that time period. After 24 hours, a similar error will generate a new alarm notification. https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/manage-prisma-cloud-alarms/review-alarms

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/prisma-cloud-iam-security/integrate-prisma-cloud-with-okta

The alert "AWS S3 buckets are accessible to public" is generated due to the configuration of the S3 bucket, which has been set in a way that allows public access. The policy definition provided checks for various conditions that would make an S3 bucket publicly accessible, such as grants to 'AllUsers', the absence of a 'publicAccessBlockConfiguration', or specific configurations that do not restrict public access. Therefore, the alert is triggered by the configuration settings of the S3 bucket that violate the policy's criteria for public accessibility.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin-compute/runtime_defense/runtime_defense_containers

A true statement about build and run policies is A. Build policies enable you to check for security misconfigurations in the IaC templates. This capability is crucial for identifying potential security issues early in the development process, allowing for proactive mitigation before deployment, thereby enhancing the overall security posture of the applications and infrastructure being developed.

The Run policies monitor resources and check for potential issues once these cloud resources are deployed Build policies enable you to check for security misconfigurations in the IaC templates and ensure that these issues do not make their way into production. https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/prisma-cloud-policies/create-a-policy

B. Build policies: These are designed to identify insecure configurations in your Infrastructure as Code (IaC) templates, such as AWS CloudFormation, HashiCorp Terraform, and Kubernetes App manifests. The goal of build policies is to detect security issues early in the development process, before the actual resources are deployed in runtime environments. This helps ensure that security issues are identified and remediated before they can affect production1.

D. Run policies: These policies are focused on monitoring the deployed cloud resources and checking for potential issues during their operation. Run policies are essential for ongoing security and compliance in the production environment, as they provide visibility into the actual state of resources and their activities1.

Run and Network policies (A) are indeed part of the configuration policy set, but they do not highlight the difference between build and run policies. Similarly, while Run policies do monitor network activities ©, this statement does not contrast them with Build policies.

In the context of Defend > Compliance > Containers and Images > CI within Prisma Cloud by Palo Alto Networks, the compliance checks are focused on the security posture and compliance of container images. Therefore, the type of compliance check available under this section would be related to Images, ensuring they adhere to security best practices and compliance standards before being deployed.

In Prisma Cloud, compliance reports can be generated on a one-time basis or on a recurring schedule. The option for a one-time report allows users to generate a specific report instantly based on the current state of the environment. The recurring option enables users to set up automatic generation of reports at regular intervals, such as weekly or monthly, to track compliance over time. This functionality ensures continuous compliance monitoring and helps in maintaining security standards across cloud resources.

To scan container images in Jenkins pipelines, two effective methods are using twistcli and the Compute Jenkins plugin. twistcli is a command-line tool provided by Prisma Cloud that allows for the scanning of container images for vulnerabilities and compliance issues directly from the CI/CD pipeline. It can be integrated into Jenkins jobs as a build or post-build step to automatically scan images as part of the build process.

The Compute Jenkins plugin is specifically designed for integration with Jenkins, providing a more seamless and automated way to include Prisma Cloud's security scanning capabilities within Jenkins pipelines. This plugin enables Jenkins to trigger image scans with Prisma Cloud directly and can fail builds based on scan results, ensuring that only secure and compliant images are pushed through the CI/CD pipeline.

Both twistcli and the Compute Jenkins plugin are designed to integrate Prisma Cloud's security capabilities into the CI/CD process, enabling DevOps teams to identify and fix security issues early in the development lifecycle.

The activities listed (Backdoor account access, Hijacked processes, Lateral movement, Port scanning) are categorized as incidents (option B). Incidents represent security events or patterns of activity that indicate potential security breaches or malicious behavior within the environment. Prisma Cloud identifies and classifies such activities as incidents to highlight significant security concerns that require investigation and potential remediation. This categorization helps security teams prioritize their response efforts, focusing on activities that pose a real threat to the integrity and security of the cloud environment. By distinguishing incidents from other types of security findings, Prisma Cloud enables more effective incident response and threat management processes.

When creating a vulnerability policy for continuous integration within Prisma Cloud, the scope of the policy can include specific resources that are critical to the CI/CD pipeline, such as images and containers. These resources are central to the development and deployment processes in containerized environments. By focusing on images and containers, the policy can effectively identify and address vulnerabilities that might be present in container images before they are deployed or in running containers, thereby enhancing the security of the continuous integration and deployment pipeline. This approach ensures that only secure, compliant container images are used in production, reducing the risk of vulnerabilities being exploited.

Block — Defender stops the entire container if a process that violates your policy attempts to run.

https://docs.prismacloudcompute.com/docs/enterprise_edition/runtime_defense/runtime_defense_containers.html#_effect

Enabling anomalous compute provisioning in Prisma Cloud allows for the detection of unusual and potentially unauthorized activities related to the creation of compute instances. This feature is particularly useful for identifying scenarios where an unauthorized network of compute instances might be established, either accidentally due to misconfigurations or maliciously for purposes such as cryptojacking. Cryptojacking involves the unauthorized use of someone else's compute resources to mine cryptocurrency, and anomalous compute provisioning can help in identifying such activities by highlighting unusual patterns in the provisioning of compute resources.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin-compute/vulnerability_management/vuln_management_rules

Configuring vulnerability policies within Prisma Cloud involves several options that cater to different aspects of vulnerability management and policy enforcement. Options A, C, and D are valid configurations for vulnerability policies:

A. Individual actions based on package type allow for tailored responses to vulnerabilities found in specific types of software packages, enabling more granular control over the remediation process.

C. Applying policies only when a vendor fix is available helps prioritize the remediation of vulnerabilities for which a patch or update has been released by the software vendor, ensuring efficient use of resources in addressing the most actionable security issues.

D. Setting individual grace periods for each severity level allows organizations to define different time frames for addressing vulnerabilities based on their severity, enabling a prioritized and risk-based approach to vulnerability management.

These configurations support a comprehensive vulnerability management strategy by allowing customization and prioritization based on the nature of the vulnerability, the availability of fixes, and the risk level associated with each vulnerability.

Saved Searches has list of search queries saved by any Prisma Cloud administrator.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/manage-prisma-cloud-administrators/prisma-cloud-admin-permissions

According to the official Palo Alto Networks documentation, saved searches in a cloud account are managed by administrators. This aligns with the principle that administrative privileges are typically required to manage access to saved searches and other similar resources within cloud platforms. Administrators have the capability to control who can access various resources, ensuring that only authorized users can view or modify saved searches. This is a common security measure to prevent unauthorized access and potential data breaches.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin-compute/tools/twistcli_scan_images

To investigate the runtime aspects of a potential data exfiltration attempt, the SecOps lead in Prisma Cloud Compute should focus on areas that provide insights into runtime activity and potential threats. C. The SecOps lead should use the Incident Explorer page and Monitor > Events > Container Audits. These sections provide detailed information on security incidents and container-level activities, enabling a thorough investigation into the runtime behavior that might indicate a security issue.

To ingest host findings and generate alerts in Prisma Cloud, integrations with Tenable (B) and Qualys (D) are supported. These integrations allow Prisma Cloud to ingest vulnerability and compliance data from Tenable and Qualys, which are renowned vulnerability management solutions. By integrating these tools, Prisma Cloud can enhance its visibility into the security posture of hosts within the cloud environment, enabling more comprehensive threat detection and response capabilities. The integration facilitates the aggregation and correlation of findings from these external sources, enriching the overall security intelligence and enabling more informed and timely decision-making regarding threat mitigation and compliance management.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/configure-external-integrations-on-prisma-cloud/integrations-feature-support

To immediately see all alerts associated with a newly onboarded public cloud account based on existing enabled policies, it is essential to assign the account to an account group and then create an alert rule that applies to this account group. By selecting "select all policies," the alert rule will trigger alerts for all existing enabled policies without the need to specify individual policies or add alert notifications for downstream applications.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin-compute/vulnerability_management/vuln_explorer

The top critical CVEs (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures) for deployed images in Prisma Cloud can be found in the Vulnerabilities Explorer under the Monitor tab. This is where users can input the CVE of interest and get a filtered list of images impacted by that CVE. The Vulnerability Explorer provides a comprehensive view of the vulnerabilities, allowing users to see details such as risk score, CVE risk factors, environmental risk factors, and impacted packages1. This tool is essential for identifying and managing vulnerabilities within your cloud environment, ensuring that all images pulled into deployments or test environments are properly identified and secured.

https://knowledgebase.paloaltonetworks.com/KCSArticleDetail?id=kA14u0000004MfoCAE

To determine if AWS EC2 instances are running without encryption enabled, the appropriate RQL (Resource Query Language) type to use is CONFIG. CONFIG queries in Prisma Cloud are designed to inspect the configuration states of cloud resources and identify compliance with best practices or specific security requirements. By running a CONFIG query, administrators can assess the configuration settings of EC2 instances, including whether encryption features are enabled or not. This type of query allows for deep inspection of resource configurations within cloud environments, making it the ideal choice for identifying unencrypted EC2 instances and thereby helping to ensure data protection and compliance with security policies.

For CI/CD plugins supported by Prisma Cloud as part of its DevOps Security, BitBucket (Option A) and CircleCI (Option C) are the correct choices. BitBucket is widely used for source code management and collaboration, while CircleCI is a popular CI/CD platform. Prisma Cloud integrates with these tools to scan code repositories and CI/CD pipelines for security issues, ensuring that vulnerabilities are identified and addressed early in the development process. Visual Studio Code (Option B) and IntelliJ (Option D) are IDEs rather than CI/CD tools, and while they are supported by Prisma Cloud for scanning and security purposes, they are not considered CI/CD plugins.

The purpose of Incident Explorer in Prisma Cloud Compute under the "Monitor" section is to provide a comprehensive view of incidents by correlating individual events. This helps identify potential attacks through a sequence of processes, file system, and network events, thereby giving a complete picture of an incident's timeline and impact.

https://docs.prismacloud.io/en/classic/compute-admin-guide/runtime-defense/incident-explorer

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin/manage-prisma-cloud-alerts/prisma-cloud-alert-resolution-reasons

In Prisma Cloud, POLICY_UPDATED is a valid reason for the dismissal of an alert. This reason indicates that an alert can be dismissed if the policy that triggered the alert has been updated. When a policy is updated to no longer apply to certain resources or conditions, any open alerts that were generated based on the previous version of the policy may be dismissed as they are no longer relevant.

The other options, such as SNOOZED_AUTO_CLOSE, ALERT_RULE_ADDED, and USER_DELETED, are not standard reasons for the dismissal of an alert in Prisma Cloud. SNOOZED_AUTO_CLOSE refers to the temporary suspension of an alert, ALERT_RULE_ADDED is related to the creation of a new alert rule, and USER_DELETED would pertain to the removal of a user account, not directly to alert dismissal.

A picture containing table Description automatically generated

In a Kubernetes environment, the Admission Controller is a critical component responsible for approving, modifying, or rejecting administrative requests before they are processed by the Kubernetes API server. The Admission Controller acts as a gatekeeper, enforcing governance and policy controls by evaluating requests against a set of predefined rules and policies. It can validate and mutate requests, ensuring that only compliant and authorized changes are allowed to proceed. This capability is vital for maintaining the security and integrity of the Kubernetes cluster, as it can prevent unauthorized or potentially harmful actions from being executed, thus playing a key role in the cluster's overall security posture.

The audit trail section of an asset's detail view in Prisma Cloud typically includes a log of configuration changes and alert and vulnerability events associated with the asset. These elements are crucial for tracking the history of modifications to an asset's configuration and the security incidents that have affected it. This information is instrumental in understanding the security posture of the asset over time and in conducting thorough investigations after a security event has been detected.

To enable a user to interact programmatically with Prisma Cloud APIs and for a nonhuman entity to access keys, the correct action is to create a role and assign it to the Service Account (D). Service accounts in Prisma Cloud are designed for programmatic access by applications or automated tools, allowing these entities to interact with Prisma Cloud APIs securely. By creating a specific role with the necessary permissions and assigning it to a service account, administrators can ensure that the entity has the appropriate level of access required for its operations, aligning with the principle of least privilege and enhancing the security posture of API interactions.

1 -Create Stack

2 - Ener SNS Topic in Cloudtrail

3 - Create Cloudtrail with S3 as Storage

4 - Enter RoleARN and SNSARN

https://docs.prismacloud.io/en/classic/cspm-admin-guide/prisma-cloud-data-security/enable-data-security-module/enable-data-security-for-aws-org-account

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/19-11/prisma-cloud-compute-edition-admin/firewalls/deploy_cnaf

When configuring Cloud Native Application Firewall (CNAF) rules, the specified port should be the one where the container itself listens for web traffic. In this scenario, since the NGINX container is listening on port 8080, the CNAF rule should be configured to protect traffic on port 8080. This ensures that the firewall rule is applied to the traffic intended for the container, regardless of the port mapping on the host.

The documentation from Palo Alto Networks provides guidance on deploying CNAF and specifies that the port in the firewall rule should match the container’s listening port, not the host’s mapped port. This is an important distinction for properly securing containerized applications with CNAF.

In Prisma Cloud, the capability to scan serverless functions, such as AWS Lambda functions, for vulnerabilities is an integral part of ensuring cloud security posture management (CSPM) and compliance. Specifically, option C is correct because Prisma Cloud provides a dedicated section for defining policies related to serverless function vulnerabilities under the "Defend > Vulnerabilities > Functions" page. This feature allows administrators to create and manage policies that automatically scan serverless functions for known vulnerabilities, ensuring that the functions comply with the organization's security standards before they are deployed. This approach aligns with Prisma Cloud's comprehensive security model that covers various aspects of cloud security, including serverless functions, as outlined in the "Guide to Cloud Security Posture Management Tools" document​​

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/22-12/prisma-cloud-compute-edition-admin/vulnerability_management/serverless_functions

Web Application and API Security (WAAS) bot protection within the Prisma Cloud ecosystem includes various types of bots, with "User-defined bots" and "Unknown bots" being two key categories. User-defined bots refer to bots that organizations have explicitly identified and categorized based on their behavior and purpose. These can include legitimate bots such as search engine crawlers or internal automation tools, which are recognized and allowed based on predefined criteria set by the user.

Unknown bots, on the other hand, encompass bots that have not been explicitly identified or categorized by the user or the system. These can potentially include malicious bots that attempt to scrape data, perform DDoS attacks, or exploit vulnerabilities in web applications and APIs. The categorization of unknown bots is crucial for maintaining security, as it allows for the monitoring and analysis of bot behavior to identify potential threats and take appropriate actions.

In the context of Prisma Cloud and its emphasis on securing cloud-native applications, the differentiation between user-defined and unknown bots is significant. Prisma Cloud's approach to WAAS bot protection is designed to provide granular control over bot traffic, enabling organizations to distinguish between beneficial and harmful bot activities. This aligns with the broader goal of ensuring the security and integrity of web applications and APIs in a cloud environment, as highlighted in documents such as the "Prisma-Cloud-Visibility-and-Control-Qualification-Guide" and "Guide-to-CSPM-Tools-Email-Social -LP-Copy." These resources emphasize the importance of comprehensive security measures that include the management of bot traffic to protect against a wide range of web-based threats.

"The list of AWS policy types and identities that are used to calculate the net effective permissions are as follows:

AWS IAM role

AWS IAM policy

AWS IAM group

AWS service control policies (SCPs)

Role trust relationships

Permission boundaries

NotAction

Policies with wild card support

If your cloud environment has additional resource types, Prisma Cloud does not factor them into the net-effective permissions.

In addition, permissions can also be set by a resource-based policy. The following AWS resource-based policies are supported in the net effective permissions calculation:

Lambda function

S3 bucket

SQS queue

SNS topic

ECS task definition

Secret manager

KMS key

Lambda layer version"

To utilize the automated method for remediation within the Amazon Web Services (AWS) Cloud, specifically for the Identity and Access Management (IAM) module, two critical actions are required: installing the boto3 and requests libraries, and configuring the IAM AWS remediation script.

The boto3 library is AWS's SDK for Python, allowing Python developers to write software that makes use of services like Amazon S3 and Amazon EC2. The requests library is a Python HTTP library designed for human beings, enabling easy interaction with HTTP services. Together, these libraries are foundational for scripting AWS services, including automating remediation tasks within IAM.

Configuring the IAM AWS remediation script is the second critical step. This script is tailored to interact with AWS IAM to automate the remediation of identified security issues, such as excessive permissions, unused IAM roles, or improperly configured policies. The script uses the boto3 library to communicate with AWS services, applying the necessary changes to align IAM configurations with security best practices.

These actions are essential for leveraging automation to enhance IAM security within AWS, ensuring that IAM configurations adhere to the principle of least privilege and other security best practices. This approach aligns with Prisma Cloud's capabilities and recommendations for cloud security, emphasizing the importance of automation in maintaining a robust security posture, as discussed in resources like the "Prisma Cloud Visibility and Control Qualification Guide" and the "Guide to Cloud Security Posture Management Tools."

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/prisma/prisma-cloud/prisma-cloud-admin-compute/vulnerability_management/serverless_functions You can also use the twistcli command line utility to scan your serverless functions. First download your serverless function as a ZIP file, then run: $ twistcli serverless scan

https://docs.prismacloud.io/en/classic/rql-reference/rql-reference/event-query/event-query-examples https://docs.prismacloud.io/en/classic/rql-reference/rql-reference/event-query/event-query-examples#idda895fd2-4496-4b31-9766-7d50215dcc18

Configuring Single Sign-On (SSO) in Prisma Cloud requires the Identity Provider Issuer (Option B) and Certificate (Option C). The Identity Provider Issuer is a unique identifier for the SSO identity provider and is used by Prisma Cloud to establish trust and validate SSO responses. The Certificate, typically an X.509 certificate, is used to sign SSO assertions and ensure the security of the SSO communication. The Prisma Cloud Access SAML URL (Option A) is provided by Prisma Cloud to configure the SSO on the identity provider's side, not the other way around. The Identity Provider Logout URL (Option D) is used for single logout configurations but is not a required field for basic SSO configuration in Prisma Cloud.

Create SNS Topic Triggers: No data security scan

Select an S3 bucket: Forward Scan only

Select an S3 bucket with existing files: Forward or Backward Scan

Link an S3 logging to CloudTrail: Backward Scan only

The scanning mode for Data Security in AWS typically depends on the configuration and the desired outcomes for monitoring and protecting data within S3 buckets.

Creating SNS Topic Triggers is a configuration step that does not directly involve scanning. It is part of setting up notifications for events in S3 buckets, but on its own, it does not initiate a data security scan.

Selecting an S3 bucket without specifying existing files typically implies that you intend to scan new objects as they are added to the bucket, which is known as a Forward Scan. This mode is proactive and scans files upon their arrival in the bucket.

When you select an S3 bucket with existing files, you can perform either Forward Scanning for new files or Backward Scanning to scan all existing files in the bucket. This option provides the most comprehensive scanning coverage for both new and existing data.

Linking an S3 logging to CloudTrail is usually a step taken to monitor access and changes to S3 resources. In the context of scanning, linking S3 to CloudTrail does not initiate a scan, but the CloudTrail logs can be used to trigger a Backward Scan if configured to do so, which scans historical files in the bucket based on CloudTrail events.

The Adoption Advisor uses four categories to measure adoption progress for Cloud Security Posture Management: Visibility, Compliance, Governance, and Threat Detection and Response. Visibility helps to identify the resources in the environment and to ensure that security controls are in place. Compliance helps to ensure that the environment is meeting regulatory and industry standards. Governance helps to ensure that the environment is secure and managed according to policy. Threat Detection and Response helps to detect and respond to threats quickly and effectively.

The Adoption Advisor in Prisma Cloud uses categories such as Visibility, Compliance, Governance, and Threat Detection and Response to measure adoption progress for Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM). These categories represent key areas of focus for effectively managing and securing cloud environments. Visibility refers to the ability to see and understand all cloud resources and their configurations. Compliance involves ensuring that cloud resources comply with regulatory standards and best practices. Governance encompasses the policies and procedures that control cloud resource usage and security. Threat Detection and Response involves identifying and mitigating security threats to the cloud environment. By measuring adoption progress across these categories, organizations can assess how well they are utilizing CSPM capabilities to secure their cloud environments.

Prisma Cloud supports several serverless runtimes for vulnerability and compliance scans, including Python, Java, and Node.js. These runtimes are widely used in the development of serverless applications, which are designed to run in stateless compute containers that are event-triggered and fully managed by cloud services. By providing vulnerability and compliance scans for these serverless runtimes, Prisma Cloud helps organizations identify and remediate security issues within their serverless applications, ensuring that they adhere to security best practices and compliance standards. This capability is crucial for maintaining the security and integrity of serverless architectures, where traditional security approaches may not be applicable.

To achieve immediate notification for "High Severity" alerts for a specific account group via Slack, the steps outlined in option A provide a comprehensive and effective approach. Firstly, configuring the Slack Integration establishes the necessary communication channel between Prisma Cloud and the Slack workspace. Creating an alert rule with the specified account group and severity filters ensures that only relevant alerts trigger notifications. Selecting Slack as the notification channel and setting the frequency to "As it Happens" ensures real-time alerting for critical issues. This method leverages Prisma Cloud's alerting capabilities and Slack's real-time messaging platform to promptly notify the security team, enabling swift action to mitigate risks. This approach is in line with Prisma Cloud's flexible and configurable alerting system, designed to integrate with various external platforms for efficient incident response.

The following curl command creates a single rule compliance policy for container images scanned in the CI pipeline: curl 'https:// /api/v/policies/compliance/ci/images' \

The installation of the Prisma Cloud Console in a Kubernetes cluster involves a series of steps that start with preparing the necessary deployment configurations, typically provided as YAML files. The process begins by downloading and extracting the release tarball, which contains the necessary files and instructions for the deployment. After extracting the tarball, you generate YAML files for the Console deployment. These YAML files define the Kubernetes resources needed to deploy and run the Console, such as Deployments, Services, and ConfigMaps. Finally, you deploy the Console by applying the generated YAML files using the kubectl command, which communicates with the Kubernetes API to create the specified resources in your cluster.

This process is aligned with Kubernetes best practices for deploying applications and is indicative of the steps required for deploying complex applications like the Prisma Cloud Console. The method ensures that all necessary configurations and dependencies are correctly defined and deployed in the Kubernetes environment.

In Prisma Cloud, configuration policies are categorized to align with the different phases of the cloud security lifecycle, emphasizing a holistic approach to cloud security management. The subtypes "Build and Run" encapsulate this approach by covering both the development phase (Build) - where cloud resources and applications are designed and created, and the operational phase (Run) - where these resources and applications are deployed and actively used. This categorization ensures that security and compliance are integral throughout the lifecycle, from the initial creation of cloud infrastructure and applications to their deployment and day-to-day operation, thereby enhancing the overall security posture.

Prisma Cloud supports different scanning modes for its agentless scanning feature. Based on the context of cloud environments and typical terminology used in Prisma Cloud documentation, "Spoke Account Mode" and "Hub Account Mode" are plausible modes supported for agentless scanning. These modes allow for the extension of scanning capabilities across multiple accounts, with 'Spoke' typically referring to linked accounts and 'Hub' referring to the central account in a hub-and-spoke architecture. Hence, the correct answers are A and B.

The correct construction for a container scan using the TwistCLI tool provided by Prisma Cloud (formerly Twistlock) is shown in option C. This command uses the TwistCLI tool to scan a container image, specifying the necessary authentication credentials (username and password with '-u' and '-p' flags), the address of the Prisma Cloud instance (with the '--address' flag), and the image to be scanned (in this case, 'myimage/latest'). The inclusion of the '--details' flag is a common practice to obtain detailed scan results, which is crucial for in-depth analysis and remediation efforts. This command structure aligns with the standard usage of TwistCLI for image scanning purposes, as documented in Prisma Cloud's official resources and guides.

The external ID plays a crucial role when onboarding a new Amazon Web Services (AWS) account in Prisma Cloud. It serves as a UUID (Universally Unique Identifier) that establishes a trust relationship between the Prisma Cloud account and the AWS account. This trust relationship is essential for allowing Prisma Cloud to securely extract data and perform security monitoring and compliance checks within the AWS environment. The use of an external ID ensures that Prisma Cloud can access the necessary information from the AWS account without compromising the security of the AWS account's credentials, adhering to the principle of least privilege and enhancing the overall security posture.