DOP-C02 AWS Certified DevOps Engineer - Professional Questions and Answers

Questions 4

A company sells products through an ecommerce web application The company wants a dashboard that shows a pie chart of product transaction details. The company wants to integrate the dashboard With the company’s existing Amazon CloudWatch dashboards

Which solution Will meet these requirements With the MOST operational efficiency?

Options:

Update the ecommerce application to emit a JSON object to a CloudWatch log group for each processed transaction. Use CloudWatch Logs Insights to query the log group and to visualize the results in a pie chart format Attach the results to the desired CloudWatch dashboard.

Update the ecommerce application to emit a JSON object to an Amazon S3 bucket for each processed transaction. Use Amazon Athena to query the S3 bucket and to visualize the results In a Pie chart format. Export the results from Athena Attach the results to the desired CloudWatch dashboard

Update the ecommerce application to use AWS X-Ray for instrumentation. Create a new X-Ray subsegment Add an annotation for each processed transaction. Use X-Ray traces to query the data and to visualize the results in a pie chart format Attach the results to the desired CloudWatch dashboard

Update the ecommerce application to emit a JSON object to a CloudWatch log group for each processed transaction_ Create an AWS Lambda function to aggregate and write the results to Amazon DynamoDB. Create a Lambda subscription filter for the log file. Attach the results to the desired CloudWatch dashboard.

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Answer:

Explanation:

The correct answer is A.

A comprehensive and detailed explanation is:

Option A is correct because it meets the requirements with the most operational efficiency. Updating the ecommerce application to emit a JSON object to a CloudWatch log group for each processed transaction is a simple and cost-effective way to collect the data needed for the dashboard. Using CloudWatch Logs Insights to query the log group and to visualize the results in a pie chart format is also a convenient and integrated solution that leverages the existing CloudWatch dashboards. Attaching the results to the desired CloudWatch dashboard is straightforward and does not require any additional steps or services.

Option B is incorrect because it introduces unnecessary complexity and cost. Updating the ecommerce application to emit a JSON object to an Amazon S3 bucket for each processed transaction is a valid way to store the data, but it requires creating and managing an S3 bucket and its permissions. Using Amazon Athena to query the S3 bucket and to visualize the results in a pie chart format is also a valid way to analyze the data, but it incurs charges based on the amount of data scanned by each query. Exporting the results from Athena and attaching them to the desired CloudWatch dashboard is also an extra step that adds more overhead and latency.

Option C is incorrect because it uses AWS X-Ray for an inappropriate purpose. Updating the ecommerce application to use AWS X-Ray for instrumentation is a good practice for monitoring and tracing distributed applications, but it is not designed for aggregating product transaction details. Creating a new X-Ray subsegment and adding an annotation for each processed transaction is possible, but it would clutter the X-Ray service map and make it harder to debug performance issues. Using X-Ray traces to query the data and to visualize the results in a pie chart format is also possible, but it would require custom code and logic that are not supported by X-Ray natively. Attaching the results to the desired CloudWatch dashboard is also not supported by X-Ray directly, and would require additional steps or services.

Option D is incorrect because it introduces unnecessary complexity and cost. Updating the ecommerce application to emit a JSON object to a CloudWatch log group for each processed transaction is a simple and cost-effective way to collect the data needed for the dashboard, as in option A. However, creating an AWS Lambda function to aggregate and write the results to Amazon DynamoDB is redundant, as CloudWatch Logs Insights can already perform aggregation queries on log data. Creating a Lambda subscription filter for the log file is also redundant, as CloudWatch Logs Insights can already access log data directly. Attaching the results to the desired CloudWatch dashboard would also require additional steps or services, as DynamoDB does not support native integration with CloudWatch dashboards.

[References:, CloudWatch Logs Insights, Amazon Athena, AWS X-Ray, AWS Lambda, Amazon DynamoDB, , , , , ]

Questions 5

A company has an organization in AWS Organizations. A DevOps engineer needs to maintain multiple AWS accounts that belong to different OUs in the organization. All resources, including 1AM policies and Amazon S3 policies within an account, are deployed through AWS CloudFormation. All templates and code are maintained in an AWS CodeCommit repository Recently, some developers have not been able to access an S3 bucket from some accounts in the organization.

The following policy is attached to the S3 bucket.

What should the DevOps engineer do to resolve this access issue?

Options:

Modify the S3 bucket policy Turn off the S3 Block Public Access setting on the S3 bucket In the S3 policy, add the awsSourceAccount condition. Add the AWS account IDs of all developers who are experiencing the issue.

Verify that no 1AM permissions boundaries are denying developers access to the S3 bucket Make the necessary changes to IAM permissions boundaries. Use an AWS Config recorder in the individual developer accounts that are experiencing the issue to revert any changes that are blocking access. Commit the fix back into the CodeCommit repository. Invoke deployment through Cloud Formation to apply the changes.

Configure an SCP that stops anyone from modifying 1AM resources in developer OUs. In the S3 policy, add the awsSourceAccount condition. Add the AWS account IDs of all developers who are experiencing the issue Commit the fix back into the CodeCommit repository Invoke deployment through CloudFormation to apply the changes

Ensure that no SCP is blocking access for developers to the S3 bucket Ensure that no 1AM policy permissions boundaries are denying access to developer 1AM users Make the necessary changes to the SCP and 1AM policy permissions boundaries in the CodeCommit repository Invoke deployment through CloudFormation to apply the changes

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Questions 6

A company hosts its staging website using an Amazon EC2 instance backed with Amazon EBS storage. The company wants to recover quickly with minimal data losses in the event of network connectivity issues or power failures on the EC2 instance.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Add the instance to an EC2 Auto Scaling group with the minimum, maximum, and desired capacity set to 1.

Add the instance to an EC2 Auto Scaling group with a lifecycle hook to detach the EBS volume when the EC2 instance shuts down or terminates.

Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm for the StatusCheckFailed System metric and select the EC2 action to recover the instance.

Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm for the StatusCheckFailed Instance metric and select the EC2 action to reboot the instance.

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Questions 7

A company needs to implement failover for its application. The application includes an Amazon CloudFront distribution and a public Application Load Balancer (ALB) in an AWS Region. The company has configured the ALB as the default origin for the distribution.

After some recent application outages, the company wants a zero-second RTO. The company deploys the application to a secondary Region in a warm standby configuration. A DevOps engineer needs to automate the failover of the application to the secondary Region so that HTTP GET requests meet the desired R TO.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create a second CloudFront distribution that has the secondary ALB as the default origin. Create Amazon Route 53 alias records that have a failover policy and Evaluate Target Health set to Yes for both CloudFront distributions. Update the application to use the new record set.

Create a new origin on the distribution for the secondary ALB. Create a new origin group. Set the original ALB as the primary origin. Configure the origin group to fail over for HTTP 5xx status codes. Update the default behavior to use the origin group.

Create Amazon Route 53 alias records that have a failover policy and Evaluate Target Health set to Yes for both ALBs. Set the TTL of both records to O. Update the distribution's origin to use the new record set.

Create a CloudFront function that detects HTTP 5xx status codes. Configure the function to return a 307 Temporary Redirect error response to the secondary ALB if the function detects 5xx status codes. Update the distribution's default behavior to send origin responses to the function.

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Answer:

Explanation:

To implement failover for the application to the secondary Region so that HTTP GET requests meet the desired RTO, the DevOps engineer should use the following solution:

Create a new origin on the distribution for the secondary ALB. A CloudFront origin is the source of the content that CloudFront delivers to viewers. By creating a new origin for the secondary ALB, the DevOps engineer can configure CloudFront to route traffic to the secondary Region when the primary Region is unavailable1

Create a new origin group. Set the original ALB as the primary origin. Configure the origin group to fail over for HTTP 5xx status codes. An origin group is a logical grouping of two origins: a primary origin and a secondary origin. By creating an origin group, the DevOps engineer can specify which origin CloudFront should use as a fallback when the primary origin fails. The DevOps engineer can also define which HTTP status codes should trigger a failover from the primary origin to the secondary origin. By setting the original ALB as the primary origin and configuring the origin group to fail over for HTTP 5xx status codes, the DevOps engineer can ensure that CloudFront will switch to the secondary ALB when the primary ALB returns server errors2

Update the default behavior to use the origin group. A behavior is a set of rules that CloudFront applies when it receives requests for specific URLs or file types. The default behavior applies to all requests that do not match any other behaviors. By updating the default behavior to use the origin group, the DevOps engineer can enable failover routing for all requests that are sent to the distribution3

This solution will meet the requirements because it will automate the failover of the application to the secondary Region with zero-second RTO. When CloudFront receives an HTTP GET request, it will first try to route it to the primary ALB in the primary Region. If the primary ALB is healthy and returns a successful response, CloudFront will deliver it to the viewer. If the primary ALB is unhealthy or returns an HTTP 5xx status code, CloudFront will automatically route the request to the secondary ALB in the secondary Region and deliver its response to the viewer.

The other options are not correct because they either do not provide zero-second RTO or do not work as expected. Creating a second CloudFront distribution that has the secondary ALB as the default origin and creating Amazon Route 53 alias records that have a failover policy is not a good option because it will introduce additional latency and complexity to the solution. Route 53 health checks and DNS propagation can take several minutes or longer, which means that viewers might experience delays or errors when accessing the application during a failover event. Creating Amazon Route 53 alias records that have a failover policy and Evaluate Target Health set to Yes for both ALBs and setting the TTL of both records to O is not a valid option because it will not work with CloudFront distributions. Route 53 does not support health checks for alias records that point to CloudFront distributions, so it cannot detect if an ALB behind a distribution is healthy or not. Creating a CloudFront function that detects HTTP 5xx status codes and returns a 307 Temporary Redirect error response to the secondary ALB is not a valid option because it will not provide zero-second RTO. A 307 Temporary Redirect error response tells viewers to retry their requests with a different URL, which means that viewers will have to make an additional request and wait for another response from CloudFront before reaching the secondary ALB.

1: Adding, Editing, and Deleting Origins - Amazon CloudFront

2: Configuring Origin Failover - Amazon CloudFront

3: Creating or Updating a Cache Behavior - Amazon CloudFront

Questions 8

A company uses an organization in AWS Organizations that has all features enabled. The company uses AWS Backup in a primary account and uses an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) key to encrypt the backups.

The company needs to automate a cross-account backup of the resources that AWS Backup backs up in the primary account. The company configures cross-account backup in the Organizations management account. The company creates a new AWS account in the organization and configures an AWS Backup backup vault in the new account. The company creates a KMS key in the new account to encrypt the backups. Finally, the company configures a new backup plan in the primary account. The destination for the new backup plan is the backup vault in the new account.

When the AWS Backup job in the primary account is invoked, the job creates backups in the primary account. However, the backups are not copied to the new account's backup vault.

Which combination of steps must the company take so that backups can be copied to the new account's backup vault? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Edit the backup vault access policy in the new account to allow access to the primary account.

Edit the backup vault access policy in the primary account to allow access to the new account.

Edit the backup vault access policy in the primary account to allow access to the KMS key in the new account.

Edit the key policy of the KMS key in the primary account to share the key with the new account.

Edit the key policy of the KMS key in the new account to share the key with the primary account.

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Questions 9

A company runs an application in an Auto Scaling group of Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The EC2 instances run Docker containers that make requests to a MySQL database that runs on separate EC2 instances. A DevOps engineer needs to update the application to use a serverless architecture. Which solution will meet this requirement with the FEWEST changes?

Options:

Replace the containers that run on EC2 instances and the ALB with AWS Lambda functions. Replace the MySQL database with an Amazon Aurora Serverless v2 database that is compatible with MySQL.

Replace the containers that run on EC2 instances with AWS Fargate. Replace the MySQL database with an Amazon Aurora Serverless v2 database that is compatible with MySQL.

Replace the containers that run on EC2 instances and the ALB with AWS Lambda functions. Replace the MySQL database with Amazon DynamoDB tables.

Replace the containers that run on EC2 instances with AWS Fargate. Replace the MySQL database with Amazon DynamoDB tables.

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Questions 10

A company has a mobile application that makes HTTP API calls to an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The ALB routes requests to an AWS Lambda function. Many different versions of the application are in use at any given time, including versions that are in testing by a subset of users. The version of the application is defined in the user-agent header that is sent with all requests to the API.

After a series of recent changes to the API, the company has observed issues with the application. The company needs to gather a metric for each API operation by response code for each version of the application that is in use. A DevOps engineer has modified the Lambda function to extract the API operation name, version information from the user-agent header and response code.

Which additional set of actions should the DevOps engineer take to gather the required metrics?

Options:

Modify the Lambda function to write the API operation name, response code, and version number as a log line to an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log group. Configure a CloudWatch Logs metric filter that increments a metric for each API operation name. Specify response code and application version as dimensions for the metric.

Modify the Lambda function to write the API operation name, response code, and version number as a log line to an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log group. Configure a CloudWatch Logs Insights query to populate CloudWatch metrics from the log lines. Specify response code and application version as dimensions for the metric.

Configure the ALB access logs to write to an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log group. Modify the Lambda function to respond to the ALB with the API operation name, response code, and version number as response metadata. Configure a CloudWatch Logs metric filter that increments a metric for each API operation name. Specify response code and application version as dimensions for the metric.

Configure AWS X-Ray integration on the Lambda function. Modify the Lambda function to create an X-Ray subsegment with the API operation name, response code, and version number. Configure X-Ray insights to extract an aggregated metric for each API operation name and to publish the metric to Amazon CloudWatch. Specify response code and application version as dimensions for the metric.

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Questions 11

A company manages multiple AWS accounts by using AWS Organizations with OUS for the different business divisions, The company is updating their corporate network to use new IP address ranges. The company has 10 Amazon S3 buckets in different AWS accounts. The S3 buckets store reports for the different divisions. The S3 bucket configurations allow only private corporate network IP addresses to access the S3 buckets.

A DevOps engineer needs to change the range of IP addresses that have permission to access the contents of the S3 buckets The DevOps engineer also needs to revoke the permissions of two OUS in the company

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create a new SCP that has two statements, one that allows access to the new range of IP addresses for all the S3 buckets and one that demes access to the old range of IP addresses for all the S3 buckets. Set a permissions boundary for the OrganzauonAccountAccessRole role In the two OUS to deny access to the S3 buckets.

Create a new SCP that has a statement that allows only the new range of IP addresses to access the S3 buckets. Create another SCP that denies access to the S3 buckets. Attach the second SCP to the two OUS

On all the S3 buckets, configure resource-based policies that allow only the new range of IP addresses to access the S3 buckets. Create a new SCP that denies access to the S3 buckets. Attach the SCP to the two OUs.

On all the S3 buckets, configure resource-based policies that allow only the new range of IP addresses to access the S3 buckets. Set a permissions boundary for the OrganizationAccountAccessRole role in the two OUS to deny access to the S3 buckets.

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Answer:

Explanation:

The correct answer is C.

A comprehensive and detailed explanation is:

Option A is incorrect because creating a new SCP that has two statements, one that allows access to the new range of IP addresses for all the S3 buckets and one that denies access to the old range of IP addresses for all the S3 buckets, is not a valid solution. SCPs are not resource-based policies, and they cannot specify the S3 buckets or the IP addresses as resources or conditions. SCPs can only control the actions that can be performed by the principals in the organization, not the access to specific resources. Moreover, setting a permissions boundary for the OrganizationAccountAccessRole role in the two OUs to deny access to the S3 buckets is not sufficient to revoke the permissions of the two OUs, as there might be other roles or users in those OUs that can still access the S3 buckets.

Option B is incorrect because creating a new SCP that has a statement that allows only the new range of IP addresses to access the S3 buckets is not a valid solution, for the same reason as option A. SCPs are not resource-based policies, and they cannot specify the S3 buckets or the IP addresses as resources or conditions. Creating another SCP that denies access to the S3 buckets and attaching it to the two OUs is also not a valid solution, as SCPs cannot specify the S3 buckets as resources either.

Option C is correct because it meets both requirements of changing the range of IP addresses that have permission to access the contents of the S3 buckets and revoking the permissions of two OUs in the company. On all the S3 buckets, configuring resource-based policies that allow only the new range of IP addresses to access the S3 buckets is a valid way to update the IP address ranges, as resource-based policies can specify both resources and conditions. Creating a new SCP that denies access to the S3 buckets and attaching it to the two OUs is also a valid way to revoke the permissions of those OUs, as SCPs can deny actions such as s3:PutObject or s3:GetObject on any resource.

Option D is incorrect because setting a permissions boundary for the OrganizationAccountAccessRole role in the two OUs to deny access to the S3 buckets is not sufficient to revoke the permissions of the two OUs, as there might be other roles or users in those OUs that can still access the S3 buckets. A permissions boundary is a policy that defines the maximum permissions that an IAM entity can have. However, it does not revoke any existing permissions that are granted by other policies.

[References:, AWS Organizations, S3 Bucket Policies, Service Control Policies, Permissions Boundaries, , , ]

Questions 12

A company needs a strategy for failover and disaster recovery of its data and application. The application uses a MySQL database and Amazon EC2 instances. The company requires a maximum RPO of 2 hours and a maximum RTO of 10 minutes for its data and application at all times.

Which combination of deployment strategies will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Create an Amazon Aurora Single-AZ cluster in multiple AWS Regions as the data store. Use Aurora's automatic recovery capabilities in the event of a disaster.

Create an Amazon Aurora cluster in multiple AWS Regions as the data store. Use a Network Load Balancer to balance the database traffic in different Regions.

Set up the application in two AWS Regions. Use Amazon Route 53 failover routing that points to Application Load Balancers in both Regions. Use health checks and Auto Scaling groups in each Region.

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Answer:

B, E

Explanation:

To meet the requirements of failover and disaster recovery, the company should use the following deployment strategies:

Create an Amazon Aurora global database in two AWS Regions as the data store. In the event of a failure, promote the secondary Region to the primary for the application. Update the application to use the Aurora cluster endpoint in the secondary Region. This strategy can provide a low RPO and RTO for the data, as Aurora global database replicates data with minimal latency across Regions and allows fast and easy failover12. The company can use the Amazon Aurora cluster endpoint to connect to the current primary DB cluster without needing to change any application code1.

Set up the application in two AWS Regions. Configure AWS Global Accelerator to point to Application Load Balancers (ALBs) in both Regions. Add both ALBs to a single endpoint group. Use health checks and Auto Scaling groups in each Region. This strategy can provide high availability and performance for the application, as AWS Global Accelerator uses the AWS global network to route traffic to the closest healthy endpoint3. The company can also use static IP addresses that are assigned by Global Accelerator as a fixed entry point for their application1. By using health checks and Auto Scaling groups, the company can ensure that their application can scale up or down based on demand and handle any instance failures4.

The other options are incorrect because:

Creating an Amazon Aurora Single-AZ cluster in multiple AWS Regions as the data store would not provide a fast failover or disaster recovery solution, as the company would need to manually restore data from backups or snapshots in another Region in case of a failure.

Creating an Amazon Aurora cluster in multiple AWS Regions as the data store and using a Network Load Balancer to balance the database traffic in different Regions would not work, as Network Load Balancers do not support cross-Region routing. Moreover, this strategy would not provide a consistent view of the data across Regions, as Aurora clusters do not replicate data automatically between Regions unless they are part of a global database.

Setting up the application in two AWS Regions and using Amazon Route 53 failover routing that points to Application Load Balancers in both Regions would not provide a low RTO, as Route 53 failover routing relies on DNS resolution, which can take time to propagate changes across different DNS servers and clients. Moreover, this strategy would not provide deterministic routing, as Route 53 failover routing depends on DNS caching behavior, which can vary depending on different factors.

Questions 13

A company is migrating its container-based workloads to an AWS Organizations multi-account environment. The environment consists of application workload accounts that the company uses to deploy and run the containerized workloads. The company has also provisioned a shared services account tor shared workloads in the organization.

The company must follow strict compliance regulations. All container images must receive security scanning before they are deployed to any environment. Images can be consumed by downstream deployment mechanisms after the images pass a scan with no critical vulnerabilities. Pre-scan and post-scan images must be isolated from one another so that a deployment can never use pre-scan images.

A DevOps engineer needs to create a strategy to centralize this process.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements with the LEAST administrative overhead? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Create Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) repositories in the shared services account: one repository for each pre-scan image and one repository for each post-scan image. Configure Amazon ECR image scanning to run on new image pushes to the pre-scan repositories. Use resource-based policies to grant the organization write access to the pre-scan repositories and read access to the post-scan repositories.

Create pre-scan Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) repositories in each account that publishes container images. Create repositories for post-scan images in the shared services account. Configure Amazon ECR image scanning to run on new image pushes to the pre-scan repositories. Use resource-based policies to grant the organization read access to the post-scan repositories.

Configure image replication for each image from the image's pre-scan repository to the image's post-scan repository.

Create a pipeline in AWS CodePipeline for each pre-scan repository. Create a source stage that runs when new images are pushed to the pre-scan repositories. Create a stage that uses AWS CodeBuild as the action provider. Write a buildspec.yaml definition that determines the image scanning status and pushes images without critical vulnerabilities lo the post-scan repositories.

Create an AWS Lambda function. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that reacts to image scanning completed events and invokes the Lambda function. Write function code that determines the image scanning status and pushes images without critical vulnerabilities to the post-scan repositories.

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Answer:

A, C

Explanation:

 Step 1: Centralizing Image Scanning in a Shared Services Account

The first requirement is to centralize the image scanning process, ensuring pre-scan and post-scan images are stored separately. This can be achieved by creating separate pre-scan and post-scan repositories in the shared services account, with the appropriate resource-based policies to control access.

Action: Create separate ECR repositories for pre-scan and post-scan images in the shared services account. Configure resource-based policies to allow write access to pre-scan repositories and read access to post-scan repositories.

Why: This ensures that images are isolated before and after the scan, following the compliance requirements.

[Reference: AWS documentation on Amazon ECR and resource-based policies., This corresponds to Option A: Create Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) repositories in the shared services account: one repository for each pre-scan image and one repository for each post-scan image. Configure Amazon ECR image scanning to run on new image pushes to the pre-scan repositories. Use resource-based policies to grant the organization write access to the pre-scan repositories and read access to the post-scan repositories.,  Step 2: Replication between Pre-Scan and Post-Scan RepositoriesTo automate the transfer of images from the pre-scan repositories to the post-scan repositories (after they pass the security scan), you can configure image replication between the two repositories., Action: Set up image replication between the pre-scan and post-scan repositories to move images that have passed the security scan., Why: Replication ensures that only scanned and compliant images are available for deployment, streamlining the process with minimal administrative overhead., Reference: AWS documentation on Amazon ECR image replication., This corresponds to Option C: Configure image replication for each image from the image's pre-scan repository to the image's post-scan repository., , , ]

Questions 14

The security team depends on AWS CloudTrail to detect sensitive security issues in the company's AWS account. The DevOps engineer needs a solution to auto-remediate CloudTrail being turned off in an AWS account.

What solution ensures the LEAST amount of downtime for the CloudTrail log deliveries?

Options:

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule for the CloudTrail StopLogging event. Create an AWS Lambda (unction that uses the AWS SDK to call StartLogging on the ARN of the resource in which StopLogging was called. Add the Lambda function ARN as a target to the EventBridge rule.

Deploy the AWS-managed CloudTrail-enabled AWS Config rule set with a periodic interval to 1 hour. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule tor AWS Config rules compliance change. Create an AWS Lambda function that uses the AWS SDK to call StartLogging on the ARN of the resource in which StopLoggmg was called. Add the Lambda function ARN as a target to the EventBridge rule.

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule for a scheduled event every 5 minutes. Create an AWS Lambda function that uses the AWS SDK to call StartLogging on a CloudTrail trail in the AWS account. Add the Lambda function ARN as a target to the EventBridge rule.

Launch a t2 nano instance with a script running every 5 minutes that uses the AWS SDK to query CloudTrail in the current account. If the CloudTrail trail is disabled have the script re-enable the trail.

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Questions 15

A company has an on-premises application that is written in Go. A DevOps engineer must move the application to AWS. The company's development team wants to enable blue/green deployments and perform A/B testing.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Deploy the application on an Amazon EC2 instance, and create an AMI of the instance. Use the AMI to create an automatic scaling launch configuration that is used in an Auto Scaling group. Use Elastic Load Balancing to distribute traffic. When changes are made to the application, a new AMI will be created, which will initiate an EC2 instance refresh.

Use Amazon Lightsail to deploy the application. Store the application in a zipped format in an Amazon S3 bucket. Use this zipped version to deploy new versions of the application to Lightsail. Use Lightsail deployment options to manage the deployment.

Use AWS CodeArtifact to store the application code. Use AWS CodeDeploy to deploy the application to a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances. Use Elastic Load Balancing to distribute the traffic to the EC2 instances. When making changes to the application, upload a new version to CodeArtifact and create a new CodeDeploy deployment.

Use AWS Elastic Beanstalk to host the application. Store a zipped version of the application in Amazon S3. Use that location to deploy new versions of the application. Use Elastic Beanstalk to manage the deployment options.

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Questions 16

A company uses AWS WAF to protect its cloud infrastructure. A DevOps engineer needs to give an operations team the ability to analyze log messages from AWS WAR. The operations team needs to be able to create alarms for specific patterns in the log output.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Create an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log group. Configure the appropriate AWS WAF web ACL to send log messages to the log group. Instruct the operations team to create CloudWatch metric filters.

Create an Amazon OpenSearch Service cluster and appropriate indexes. Configure an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream to stream log data to the indexes. Use OpenSearch Dashboards to create filters and widgets.

Create an Amazon S3 bucket for the log output. Configure AWS WAF to send log outputs to the S3 bucket. Instruct the operations team to create AWS Lambda functions that detect each desired log message pattern. Configure the Lambda functions to publish to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic.

Create an Amazon S3 bucket for the log output. Configure AWS WAF to send log outputs to the S3 bucket. Use Amazon Athena to create an external table definition that fits the log message pattern. Instruct the operations team to write SOL queries and to create Amazon CloudWatch metric filters for the Athena queries.

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Questions 17

A large enterprise is deploying a web application on AWS. The application runs on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer. The instances run in an Auto Scaling group across multiple Availability Zones. The application stores data in an Amazon RDS for Oracle DB instance and Amazon DynamoDB. There are separate environments tor development testing and production.

What is the MOST secure and flexible way to obtain password credentials during deployment?

Options:

Retrieve an access key from an AWS Systems Manager securestring parameter to access AWS services. Retrieve the database credentials from a Systems Manager SecureString parameter.

Launch the EC2 instances with an EC2 1AM role to access AWS services Retrieve the database credentials from AWS Secrets Manager.

Retrieve an access key from an AWS Systems Manager plaintext parameter to access AWS services. Retrieve the database credentials from a Systems Manager SecureString parameter.

Launch the EC2 instances with an EC2 1AM role to access AWS services Store the database passwords in an encrypted config file with the application artifacts.

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Questions 18

A company uses AWS Organizations to manage its AWS accounts. A DevOps engineer must ensure that all users who access the AWS Management Console are authenticated through the company's corporate identity provider (IdP).

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Use Amazon GuardDuty with a delegated administrator account. Use GuardDuty to enforce denial of 1AM user logins

Use AWS 1AM Identity Center to configure identity federation with SAML 2.0.

Create a permissions boundary in AWS 1AM Identity Center to deny password logins for 1AM users.

Create 1AM groups in the Organizations management account to apply consistent permissions for all 1AM users.

Create an SCP in Organizations to deny password creation for 1AM users.

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Questions 19

A company uses an AWS CodeCommit repository to store its source code and corresponding unit tests. The company has configured an AWS CodePipeline pipeline that includes an AWS CodeBuild project that runs when code is merged to the main branch of the repository.

The company wants the CodeBuild project to run the unit tests. If the unit tests pass, the CodeBuild project must tag the most recent commit.

How should the company configure the CodeBuild project to meet these requirements?

Options:

Configure the CodeBuild project to use native Git to clone the CodeCommit repository. Configure the project to run the unit tests. Configure the project to use native Git to create a tag and to push the Git tag to the repository if the code passes the unit tests.

Configure the CodeBuild project to use native Git to clone the CodeCommit repository. Configure the project to run the unit tests. Configure the project to use AWS CLI commands to create a new repository tag in the repository if the code passes the unit tests.

Configure the CodeBuild project to use AWS CLI commands to copy the code from the CodeCommit repository. Configure the project lo run the unit tests. Configure the project to use AWS CLI commands to create a new Git tag in the repository if the code passes the unit tests.

Configure the CodeBuild project to use AWS CLI commands to copy the code from the CodeCommit repository. Configure the project to run the unit tests. Configure the project to use AWS CLI commands to create a new repository tag in the repository if the code passes the unit tests.

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Questions 20

A company manages multiple AWS accounts in AWS Organizations. The company's security policy states that AWS account root user credentials for member accounts must not be used. The company monitors access to the root user credentials.

A recent alert shows that the root user in a member account launched an Amazon EC2 instance. A DevOps engineer must create an SCP at the organization's root level that will prevent the root user in member accounts from making any AWS service API calls.

Which SCP will meet these requirements?

Options:

Option A

Option B

Option C

Option D

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Questions 21

A company hired a penetration tester to simulate an internal security breach The tester performed port scans on the company's Amazon EC2 instances. The company's security measures did not detect the port scans.

The company needs a solution that automatically provides notification when port scans are performed on EC2 instances. The company creates and subscribes to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic.

What should the company do next to meet the requirement?

Options:

Ensure that Amazon GuardDuty is enabled Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm for detected EC2 and port scan findings. Connect the alarm to the SNS topic.

Ensure that Amazon Inspector is enabled Create an Amazon EventBridge event for detected network reachability findings that indicate port scans Connect the event to the SNS topic.

Ensure that Amazon Inspector is enabled. Create an Amazon EventBridge event for detected CVEs that cause open port vulnerabilities. Connect the event to the SNS topic

Ensure that AWS CloudTrail is enabled Create an AWS Lambda function to analyze the CloudTrail logs for unusual amounts of traffic from an IP address range Connect the Lambda function to the SNS topic.

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Questions 22

A company's developers use Amazon EC2 instances as remote workstations. The company is concerned that users can create or modify EC2 security groups to allow unrestricted inbound access.

A DevOps engineer needs to develop a solution to detect when users create unrestricted security group rules. The solution must detect changes to security group rules in near real time, remove unrestricted rules, and send email notifications to the security team. The DevOps engineer has created an AWS Lambda function that checks for security group ID from input, removes rules that grant unrestricted access, and sends notifications through Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS).

What should the DevOps engineer do next to meet the requirements?

Options:

Configure the Lambda function to be invoked by the SNS topic. Create an AWS CloudTrail subscription for the SNS topic. Configure a subscription filter for security group modification events.

Create an Amazon EventBridge scheduled rule to invoke the Lambda function. Define a schedule pattern that runs the Lambda function every hour.

Create an Amazon EventBridge event rule that has the default event bus as the source. Define the rule’s event pattern to match EC2 security group creation and modification events. Configure the rule to invoke the Lambda function.

Create an Amazon EventBridge custom event bus that subscribes to events from all AWS services. Configure the Lambda function to be invoked by the custom event bus.

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Questions 23

A company uses an organization in AWS Organizations to manage several AWS accounts that the company's developers use. The company requires all data to be encrypted in transit.

Multiple Amazon S3 buckets that were created in developer accounts allow unencrypted connections. A DevOps engineer must enforce encryption of data in transit for all existing S3 buckets that are created in accounts in the organization.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Use AWS Cloud Formation StackSets to deploy an AWS Network Firewall firewall to each account. Route all outbound requests from the AWS environment through the firewall. Deploy a policy to block access to all outbound requests on port 80.

Use AWS CloudFormation StackSets to deploy an AWS Network Firewall firewall to each account. Route all inbound requests to the AWS environment through the firewall. Deploy a policy to block access to all inbound requests on port 80.

Turn on AWS Config for the organization. Deploy a conformance pack that uses the s3-bucket-ssi-requests-only managed rule and an AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook. Use a runbook that adds a bucket policy statement to deny access to an S3 bucket when the value of the aws:SecureTransport condition key is false.

Turn on AWS Config for the organization. Deploy a conformance pack that uses the s3-buckot-ssl-requests-only managed rule and an AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook. Use a runbook that adds a bucket policy statement to deny access to an S3 bucket when the value of the s3:x-amz-server-side-encryption-aws-kms-key-id condition key is null.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Step 1: Enabling AWS Config for the OrganizationThe first step is to enable AWS Config across the AWS Organization. AWS Config is a service that enables you to assess, audit, and evaluate the configurations of your AWS resources. By enabling AWS Config, you can ensure that all S3 buckets within the organization are tracked and evaluated according to compliance rules.

Action: Turn on AWS Config for all AWS accounts in the organization.

Why: AWS Config will help monitor all resources (like S3 buckets) in real time to detect whether they are compliant with security policies.

[Reference: AWS documentation on Configuring AWS Config., Step 2: Deploying a Conformance Pack with Managed RulesAfter AWS Config is enabled, you need to deploy a conformance pack that contains the s3-bucket-ssi-requests-only managed rule. This rule enforces that all S3 buckets only allow requests using Secure Socket Layer (SSL) connections (HTTPS)., Action: Deploy a conformance pack that uses the s3-bucket-ssi-requests-only rule. This rule ensures that only SSL connections (for encrypted data in transit) are allowed when accessing S3., Why: This rule guarantees that data is encrypted in transit by enforcing SSL connections to the S3 buckets., Reference: AWS documentation on Conformance Packs., Step 3: Using an AWS Systems Manager Automation RunbookTo automatically remediate the compliance issues, such as S3 buckets allowing non-SSL requests, a Systems Manager Automation runbook is deployed. The runbook will automatically add a bucket policy that denies access to any requests that do not use SSL., Action: Use a Systems Manager Automation runbook that adds a bucket policy statement to deny access when the aws:SecureTransport condition key is false., Why: This ensures that all S3 buckets across the organization comply with the policy of enforcing encrypted data in transit., Reference: AWS documentation on AWS Config Managed Rules., This corresponds to Option C: Turn on AWS Config for the organization. Deploy a conformance pack that uses the s3-bucket-ssi-requests-only managed rule and an AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook. Use a runbook that adds a bucket policy statement to deny access to an S3 bucket when the value of the aws:SecureTransport condition key is false., , , , ]

Questions 24

A company requires that its internally facing web application be highly available. The architecture is made up of one Amazon EC2 web server instance and one NAT instance that provides outbound internet access for updates and accessing public data.

Which combination of architecture adjustments should the company implement to achieve high availability? (Choose two.)

Options:

Add the NAT instance to an EC2 Auto Scaling group that spans multiple Availability Zones. Update the route tables.

Create additional EC2 instances spanning multiple Availability Zones. Add an Application Load Balancer to split the load between them.

Configure an Application Load Balancer in front of the EC2 instance. Configure Amazon CloudWatch alarms to recover the EC2 instance upon host failure.

Replace the NAT instance with a NAT gateway in each Availability Zone. Update the route tables.

Replace the NAT instance with a NAT gateway that spans multiple Availability Zones. Update the route tables.

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Questions 25

A company has 20 service learns Each service team is responsible for its own microservice. Each service team uses a separate AWS account for its microservice and a VPC with the 192 168 0 0/22 CIDR block. The company manages the AWS accounts with AWS Organizations.

Each service team hosts its microservice on multiple Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer. The microservices communicate with each other across the public internet. The company's security team has issued a new guideline that all communication between microservices must use HTTPS over private network connections and cannot traverse the public internet.

A DevOps engineer must implement a solution that fulfills these obligations and minimizes the number of changes for each service team.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create a new AWS account in AWS Organizations Create a VPC in this account and use AWS Resource Access Manager to share the private subnets of this VPC with the organization Instruct the service teams to launch a new. Network Load Balancer (NLB) and EC2 instances that use the shared private subnets Use the NLB DNS names for communication between microservices.

Create a Network Load Balancer (NLB) in each of the microservice VPCs Use AWS PrivateLink to create VPC endpoints in each AWS account for the NLBs Create subscriptions to each VPC endpoint in each of the other AWS accounts Use the VPC endpoint DNS names for communication between microservices.

Create a Network Load Balancer (NLB) in each of the microservice VPCs Create VPC peering connections between each of the microservice VPCs Update the route tables for each VPC to use the peering links Use the NLB DNS names for communication between microservices.

Create a new AWS account in AWS Organizations Create a transit gateway in this account and use AWS Resource Access Manager to share the transit gateway with the organization. In each of the microservice VPCs. create a transit gateway attachment to the shared transit gateway Update the route tables of each VPC to use the transit gateway Create a Network Load Balancer (NLB) in each of the microservice VPCs Use the NLB DNS names for communicat

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Questions 26

A company uses AWS Organizations to manage multiple accounts. Information security policies require that all unencrypted Amazon EBS volumes be marked as non-compliant. A DevOps engineer needs to automatically deploy the solution and ensure that this compliance check is always present.

Which solution will accomplish this?

Options:

Create an AWS CloudFormation template that defines an AWS Inspector rule to check whether EBS encryption is enabled. Save the template to an Amazon S3 bucket that has been shared with all accounts within the company. Update the account creation script pointing to the CloudFormation template in Amazon S3.

Create an AWS Config organizational rule to check whether EBS encryption is enabled and deploy the rule using the AWS CLI. Create and apply an SCP to prohibit stopping and deleting AWS Config across the organization.

Create an SCP in Organizations. Set the policy to prevent the launch of Amazon EC2 instances without encryption on the EBS volumes using a conditional expression. Apply the SCP to all AWS accounts. Use Amazon Athena to analyze the AWS CloudTrail output, looking for events that deny an ec2: RunInstances action.

Deploy an IAM role to all accounts from a single trusted account. Build a pipeline with AWS CodePipeline with a stage in AWS Lambda to assume the IAM role, and list all EBS volumes in the account. Publish a report to Amazon S3.

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Questions 27

A company plans to use Amazon CloudWatch to monitor its Amazon EC2 instances. The company needs to stop EC2 instances when the average of the NetworkPacketsIn metric is less than 5 for at least 3 hours in a 12-hour time window. The company must evaluate the metric every hour. The EC2 instances must continue to run if there is missing data for the NetworkPacketsIn metric during the evaluation period.

A DevOps engineer creates a CloudWatch alarm for the NetworkPacketsIn metric. The DevOps engineer configures a threshold value of 5 and an evaluation period of 1 hour.

Which set of additional actions should the DevOps engineer take to meet these requirements?

Options:

Configure the Datapoints to Alarm value to be 3 out of 12. Configure the alarm to treat missing data as breaching the threshold. Add an AWS Systems Manager action to stop the instance when the alarm enters the ALARM state.

Configure the Datapoints to Alarm value to be 3 out of 12. Configure the alarm to treat missing data as not breaching the threshold. Add an EC2 action to stop the instance when the alarm enters the ALARM state.

Configure the Datapoints to Alarm value to be 9 out of 12. Configure the alarm to treat missing data as breaching the threshold. Add an EC2 action to stop the instance when the alarm enters the ALARM state.

Configure the Datapoints to Alarm value to be 9 out of 12. Configure the alarm to treat missing data as not breaching the threshold. Add an AWS Systems Manager action to stop the instance when the alarm enters the ALARM state.

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Questions 28

A company runs a workload on Amazon EC2 instances. The company needs a control that requires the use of Instance Metadata Service Version 2 (IMDSv2) on all EC2 instances in the AWS account. If an EC2 instance does not prevent the use of Instance Metadata Service Version 1 (IMDSv1), the EC2 instance must be terminated.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Set up AWS Config in the account. Use a managed rule to check EC2 instances. Configure the rule to remediate the findings by using AWS Systems Manager Automation to terminate the instance.

Create a permissions boundary that prevents the ec2:Runlnstance action if the ec2:MetadataHttpTokens condition key is not set to a value of required. Attach the permissions boundary to the IAM role that was used to launch the instance.

Set up Amazon Inspector in the account. Configure Amazon Inspector to activate deep inspection for EC2 instances. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule for an Inspector2 finding. Set an AWS Lambda function as the target to terminate the instance.

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule for the EC2 instance launch successful event. Send the event to an AWS Lambda function to inspect the EC2 metadata and to terminate the instance.

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Questions 29

A company has an organization in AWS Organizations. The organization includes workload accounts that contain enterprise applications. The company centrally manages users from an operations account. No users can be created in the workload accounts. The company recently added an operations team and must provide the operations team members with administrator access to each workload account.

Which combination of actions will provide this access? (Choose three.)

Options:

Create a SysAdmin role in the operations account. Attach the AdministratorAccess policy to the role. Modify the trust relationship to allow the sts:AssumeRole action from the workload accounts.

Create a SysAdmin role in each workload account. Attach the AdministratorAccess policy to the role. Modify the trust relationship to allow the sts:AssumeRole action from the operations account.

Create an Amazon Cognito identity pool in the operations account. Attach the SysAdmin role as an authenticated role.

In the operations account, create an IAM user for each operations team member.

In the operations account, create an IAM user group that is named SysAdmins. Add an IAM policy that allows the sts:AssumeRole action for the SysAdmin role in each workload account. Add all operations team members to the group.

Create an Amazon Cognito user pool in the operations account. Create an Amazon Cognito user for each operations team member.

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Questions 30

A DevOps engineer is building a multistage pipeline with AWS CodePipeline to build, verify, stage, test, and deploy an application. A manual approval stage is required between the test stage and the deploy stage. The development team uses a custom chat tool with webhook support that requires near-real-time notifications.

How should the DevOps engineer configure status updates for pipeline activity and approval requests to post to the chat tool?

Options:

Create an Amazon CloudWatch Logs subscription that filters on CodePipeline Pipeline Execution State Change. Publish subscription events to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic. Subscribe the chat webhook URL to the SNS topic, and complete the subscription validation.

Create an AWS Lambda function that is invoked by AWS CloudTrail events. When a CodePipeline Pipeline Execution State Change event is detected, send the event details to the chat webhook URL.

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that filters on CodePipeline Pipeline Execution State Change. Publish the events to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic. Create an AWS Lambda function that sends event details to the chat webhook URL. Subscribe the function to the SNS topic.

Modify the pipeline code to send the event details to the chat webhook URL at the end of each stage. Parameterize the URL so that each pipeline can send to a different URL based on the pipeline environment.

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Questions 31

A company has chosen AWS to host a new application. The company needs to implement a multi-account strategy. A DevOps engineer creates a new AWS account and an organization in AWS Organizations. The DevOps engineer also creates the OU structure for the organization and sets up a landing zone by using AWS Control Tower.

The DevOps engineer must implement a solution that automatically deploys resources for new accounts that users create through AWS Control Tower Account Factory. When a user creates a new account, the solution must apply AWS CloudFormation templates and SCPs that are customized for the OU or the account to automatically deploy all the resources that are attached to the account. All the OUs are enrolled in AWS Control Tower.

Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST automated way?

Options:

Use AWS Service Catalog with AWS Control Tower. Create portfolios and products in AWS Service Catalog. Grant granular permissions to provision these resources. Deploy SCPs by using the AWS CLI and JSON documents.

Deploy CloudFormation stack sets by using the required templates. Enable automatic deployment. Deploy stack instances to the required accounts. Deploy a CloudFormation stack set to the organization’s management account to deploy SCPs.

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to detect the CreateManagedAccount event. Configure AWS Service Catalog as the target to deploy resources to any new accounts. Deploy SCPs by using the AWS CLI and JSON documents.

Deploy the Customizations for AWS Control Tower (CfCT) solution. Use an AWS CodeCommit repository as the source. In the repository, create a custom package that includes the CloudFormation templates and the SCP JSON documents.

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Questions 32

A company uses an Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL global database that has two secondary AWS Regions. A DevOps engineer has configured the database parameter group to guarantee an RPO of 60 seconds. Write operations on the primary cluster are occasionally blocked because of the RPO setting.

The DevOps engineer needs to reduce the frequency of blocked write operations.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Add an additional secondary cluster to the global database.

Enable write forwarding for the global database.

Remove one of the secondary clusters from the global database.

Configure synchronous replication for the global database.

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Questions 33

A DevOps engineer wants to find a solution to migrate an application from on premises to AWS The application is running on Linux and needs to run on specific versions of Apache Tomcat HAProxy and Varnish Cache to function properly. The application's operating system-level parameters require tuning The solution must include a way to automate the deployment of new application versions. The infrastructure should be scalable and faulty servers should be replaced automatically.

Which solution should the DevOps engineer use?

Options:

Upload the application as a Docker image that contains all the necessary software to Amazon ECR Create an Amazon ECS cluster using an AWS Fargate launch type and an Auto Scaling group. Create an AWS CodePipeline pipeline that uses Amazon ECR as a source and Amazon ECS as a deployment provider

Upload the application code to an AWS CodeCommit repository with a saved configuration file to configure and install the software Create an AWS Elastic Beanstalk web server tier and a load balanced-type environment that uses the Tomcat solution stack Create an AWS CodePipeline pipeline that uses CodeCommit as a source and Elastic Beanstalk as a deployment provider

Upload the application code to an AWS CodeCommit repository with a set of ebextensions files to configure and install the software. Create an AWS Elastic Beanstalk worker tier environment that uses the Tomcat solution stack Create an AWS CodePipeline pipeline that uses CodeCommit as a source and Elastic Beanstalk as a deployment provider

Upload the application code to an AWS CodeCommit repository with an appspec.yml file to configure and install the necessary software. Create an AWS CodeDeploy deployment group associated with an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group Create an AWS CodePipeline pipeline that uses CodeCommit as a source and CodeDeploy as a deployment provider

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Answer:

Explanation:

The correct answer is D. The scenario requires a solution that can migrate an application from on premises to AWS, run on specific versions of Apache Tomcat, HAProxy, and Varnish Cache, tune the operating system-level parameters, automate the deployment of new application versions, and scale and replace faulty servers automatically. Option D meets all these requirements by using AWS CodeCommit, AWS CodeDeploy, AWS CodePipeline, and Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling. AWS CodeCommit is a fully managed source control service that hosts Git repositories and works with Git-based tools. AWS CodeDeploy is a fully managed deployment service that automates software deployments to a variety of compute services, including Amazon EC2, AWS Fargate, AWS Lambda, and on-premises servers. AWS CodePipeline is a fully managed continuous delivery service that helps automate the release pipelines for fast and reliable application updates. Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling helps maintain application availability and allows scaling of Amazon EC2 capacity up or down automatically according to the defined conditions. By using these services together, the DevOps engineer can migrate the application code to AWS, configure and install the necessary software using the appspec.yml file, automate the deployment process using the pipeline, and scale and replace the servers using the Auto Scaling group.

Option A is incorrect because AWS Fargate is a serverless compute engine for containers that works with Amazon ECS and Amazon EKS. Fargate removes the need to provision and manage servers, but it also limits the ability to tune the operating system-level parameters, which is a requirement in the scenario. Moreover, Fargate does not support HAProxy and Varnish Cache as sidecar containers, which are needed to run the application properly.

Option B is incorrect because AWS Elastic Beanstalk is a fully managed service that automates the deployment and scaling of web applications and services using familiar servers such as Apache, Nginx, Passenger, and IIS. However, Elastic Beanstalk does not support HAProxy and Varnish Cache as part of the Tomcat solution stack, which are needed to run the application properly. Moreover, Elastic Beanstalk web server tier environments are designed to serve HTTP requests, not to process background tasks, which is the purpose of worker tier environments.

Option C is incorrect because AWS Elastic Beanstalk worker tier environments are designed to process background tasks using a daemon process that runs on each Amazon EC2 instance in the environment. Worker tier environments are not suitable for running web applications that serve HTTP requests, which is the case in the scenario. Moreover, Elastic Beanstalk does not support HAProxy and Varnish Cache as part of the Tomcat solution stack, which are needed to run the application properly.

AWS CodeCommit

AWS CodeDeploy

AWS CodePipeline

Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling

AWS Fargate

AWS Elastic Beanstalk

Questions 34

A company deploys updates to its Amazon API Gateway API several times a week by using an AWS CodePipeline pipeline. As part of the update process the company exports the JavaScript SDK for the API from the API. Gateway console and uploads the SDK to an Amazon S3 bucket

The company has configured an Amazon CloudFront distribution that uses the S3 bucket as an origin Web client then download the SDK by using the CloudFront distribution's endpoint. A DevOps engineer needs to implement a solution to make the new SDK available automatically during new API deployments.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create a CodePipeline action immediately after the deployment stage of the API. Configure the action to invoke an AWS Lambda function. Configure the Lambda function to download the SDK from API Gateway, upload the SDK to the S3 bucket and create a CloudFront invalidation for the SDK path.

Create a CodePipeline action immediately after the deployment stage of the API Configure the action to use the CodePipelme integration with API. Gateway to export the SDK to Amazon S3 Create another action that uses the CodePipeline integration with Amazon S3 to invalidate the cache for the SDK path.

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that reacts to UpdateStage events from aws apigateway Configure the rule to invoke an AWS Lambda function to download the SDK from API Gateway upload the SDK to the S3 bucket and call the CloudFront API to create an invalidation for the SDK path.

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that reacts to Create. Deployment events from aws apigateway. Configure the rule to invoke an AWS Lambda function to download the SDK from API. Gateway upload the SDK to the S3 bucket and call the S3 API to invalidate the cache for the SDK path.

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Questions 35

A company has a search application that has a web interface. The company uses Amazon CloudFront, Application Load Balancers (ALBs), and Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group with a desired capacity of 3. The company uses prebaked AMIs. The application starts in 1 minute. The application queries an Amazon OpenSearch Service cluster. The application is deployed to multiple Availability Zones. Because of compliance requirements, the application needs to have a disaster recovery (DR) environment in a separate AWS Region. The company wants to minimize the ongoing cost of the DR environment and requires an RTO and an RPO of under 30 minutes. The company has created an ALB in the DR Region. Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Add the new ALB as an origin in the CloudFront distribution. Configure origin failover functionality. Copy the AMI to the DR Region. Create a launch template and an Auto Scaling group with a desired capacity of 0 in the DR Region. Create a new OpenSearch Service cluster in the DR Region. Set up cross-cluster replication for the cluster.

Create a new CloudFront distribution in the DR Region and add the new ALB as an origin. Use Amazon Route 53 DNS for Regional failover. Copy the AMI to the DR Region. Create a launch template and an Auto Scaling group with a desired capacity of 0 in the DR Region. Reconfigure the OpenSearch Service cluster as a Multi-AZ with Standby deployment. Ensure that the standby nodes are in the DR Region.

Create a new CloudFront distribution in the DR Region and add the new ALB as an origin. Use Amazon Route 53 DNS for Regional failover. Copy the AMI to the DR Region. Create a launch template and an Auto Scaling group with a desired capacity of 3 in the DR Region. Reconfigure the OpenSearch Service cluster as a Multi-AZ with Standby deployment. Ensure that the standby nodes are in the DR Region.

Add the new ALB as an origin in the CloudFront distribution. Configure origin failover functionality. Copy the AMI to the DR Region. Create a launch template and an Auto Scaling group with a desired capacity of 3 in the DR Region. Create a new OpenSearch Service cluster in the DR Region. Set up cross-cluster replication for the cluster.

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Questions 36

A company gives its employees limited rights to AWS DevOps engineers have the ability to assume an administrator role. For tracking purposes, the security team wants to receive a near-real-time notification when the administrator role is assumed.

How should this be accomplished?

Options:

Configure AWS Config to publish logs to an Amazon S3 bucket Use Amazon Athena to query the logs and send a notification to the security team when the administrator role is assumed

Configure Amazon GuardDuty to monitor when the administrator role is assumed and send a notification to the security team

Create an Amazon EventBridge event rule using an AWS Management Console sign-in events event pattern that publishes a message to an Amazon SNS topic if the administrator role is assumed

Create an Amazon EventBridge events rule using an AWS API call that uses an AWS CloudTrail event pattern to invoke an AWS Lambda function that publishes a message to an Amazon SNS topic if the administrator role is assumed.

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Questions 37

A company is running an application on Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group. Recently an issue occurred that prevented EC2 instances from launching successfully and it took several hours for the support team to discover the issue. The support team wants to be notified by email whenever an EC2 instance does not start successfully.

Which action will accomplish this?

Options:

Add a health check to the Auto Scaling group to invoke an AWS Lambda function whenever an instance status is impaired.

Configure the Auto Scaling group to send a notification to an Amazon SNS topic whenever a failed instance launch occurs.

Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm that invokes an AWS Lambda function when a failed Attachinstances Auto Scaling API call is made.

Create a status check alarm on Amazon EC2 to send a notification to an Amazon SNS topic whenever a status check fail occurs.

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Questions 38

A DevOps team operates an integration service that runs on an Amazon EC2 instance. The DevOps team uses Amazon Route 53 to manage the integration service's domain name by using a simple routing record. The integration service is stateful and uses Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) for data storage and state storage. The integration service does not support load balancing between multiple nodes. The DevOps team deploys the integration service on a new EC2 instance as a warm standby to reduce the mean time to recovery. The DevOps team wants the integration service to automatically fail over to the standby EC2 instance. Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Update the existing Route 53 DNS record's routing policy to weighted. Set the existing DNS record's weighting to 100. For the same domain, add a new DNS record that points to the standby EC2 instance. Set the new DNS record's weighting to 0. Associate an application health check with each record.

Update the existing Route 53 DNS record's routing policy to weighted. Set the existing DNS record's weighting to 99. For the same domain, add a new DNS record that points to the standby EC2 instance. Set the new DNS record's weighting to 1. Associate an application health check with each record.

Create an Application Load Balancer (ALB). Update the existing Route 53 record to point to the ALB. Create a target group for each EC2 instance. Configure an application health check on each target group. Associate both target groups with the same ALB listener. Set the primary target group's weighting to 100. Set the standby target group's weighting to 0.

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Questions 39

A development team wants to use AWS CloudFormation stacks to deploy an application. However, the developer IAM role does not have the required permissions to provision the resources that are specified in the AWS CloudFormation template. A DevOps engineer needs to implement a solution that allows the developers to deploy the stacks. The solution must follow the principle of least privilege.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an IAM policy that allows the developers to provision the required resources. Attach the policy to the developer IAM role.

Create an IAM policy that allows full access to AWS CloudFormation. Attach the policy to the developer IAM role.

Create an AWS CloudFormation service role that has the required permissions. Grant the developer IAM role a cloudformation:* action. Use the new service role during stack deployments.

Create an AWS CloudFormation service role that has the required permissions. Grant the developer IAM role the iam:PassRole permission. Use the new service role during stack deployments.

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Questions 40

A company has an application that runs on a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances. The application requires frequent restarts. The application logs contain error messages when a restart is required. The application logs are published to a log group in Amazon CloudWatch Logs.

An Amazon CloudWatch alarm notifies an application engineer through an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic when the logs contain a large number of restart-related error messages. The application engineer manually restarts the application on the instances after the application engineer receives a notification from the SNS topic.

A DevOps engineer needs to implement a solution to automate the application restart on the instances without restarting the instances.

Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST operationally efficient manner?

Options:

Configure an AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook that runs a script to restart the application on the instances. Configure the SNS topic to invoke the runbook.

Create an AWS Lambda function that restarts the application on the instances. Configure the Lambda function as an event destination of the SNS topic.

Configure an AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook that runs a script to restart the application on the instances. Create an AWS Lambda function to invoke the runbook. Configure the Lambda function as an event destination of the SNS topic.

Configure an AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook that runs a script to restart the application on the instances. Configure an Amazon EventBridge rule that reacts when the CloudWatch alarm enters ALARM state. Specify the runbook as a target of the rule.

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Questions 41

A company has many AWS accounts. During AWS account creation the company uses automation to create an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log group in every AWS Region that the company operates in. The automaton configures new resources in the accounts to publish logs to the provisioned log groups in their Region.

The company has created a logging account to centralize the logging from all the other accounts. A DevOps engineer needs to aggregate the log groups from all the accounts to an existing Amazon S3 bucket in the logging account.

Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST operationally efficient manner?

Options:

In the logging account create a CloudWatch Logs destination with a destination policy. For each new account subscribe the CloudWatch Logs log groups to the. Destination Configure a single Amazon Kinesis data stream and a single Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream to deliver the logs from the CloudWatch Logs destination to the S3 bucket.

In the logging account create a CloudWatch Logs destination with a destination policy for each Region. For each new account subscribe the CloudWatch Logs log groups to the destination. Configure a single Amazon Kinesis data stream and a single Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream to deliver the logs from all the CloudWatch Logs destinations to the S3 bucket.

In the logging account create a CloudWatch Logs destination with a destination policy for each Region. For each new account subscribe the CloudWatch Logs log groups to the destination Configure an Amazon Kinesis data stream and an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream for each Region to deliver the logs from the CloudWatch Logs destinations to the S3 bucket.

In the logging account create a CloudWatch Logs destination with a destination policy. For each new account subscribe the CloudWatch Logs log groups to the destination. Configure a single Amazon Kinesis data stream to deliver the logs from the CloudWatch Logs destination to the S3 bucket.

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Questions 42

A DevOps engineer needs to apply a core set of security controls to an existing set of AWS accounts. The accounts are in an organization in AWS Organizations. Individual teams will administer individual accounts by using the AdministratorAccess AWS managed policy. For all accounts. AWS CloudTrail and AWS Config must be turned on in all available AWS Regions. Individual account administrators must not be able to edit or delete any of the baseline resources. However, individual account administrators must be able to edit or delete their own CloudTrail trails and AWS Config rules.

Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST operationally efficient way?

Options:

Enable AWS Control Tower. Enroll the existing accounts in AWS Control Tower. Grant the individual account administrators access to CloudTrail and AWS Config.

Designate an AWS Config management account. Create AWS Config recorders in all accounts by using AWS CloudFormation StackSets. Deploy AWS Config rules to the organization by using the AWS Config management account. Create a CloudTrail organization trail in the organization’s management account. Deny modification or deletion of the AWS Config recorders by using an SCP.

Create an AWS CloudFormation template that defines the standard account resources. Deploy the template to all accounts from the organization's management account by using Cloud Formation StackSets Create an SCP that prevents updates or deletions to CloudTrail resources or AWS Config resources unless the principal is an administrator of the organization's management account.

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Questions 43

A DevOps engineer manages a web application that runs on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The instances run in an EC2 Auto Scaling group across multiple Availability Zones. The engineer needs to implement a deployment strategy that:

Launches a second fleet of instances with the same capacity as the original fleet.

Maintains the original fleet unchanged while the second fleet is launched.

Transitions traffic to the second fleet when the second fleet is fully deployed.

Terminates the original fleet automatically 1 hour after transition.

Which solution will satisfy these requirements?

Options:

Use an AWS CloudFormation template with a retention policy for the ALB set to 1 hour. Update the Amazon Route 53 record to reflect the new ALB.

Use two AWS Elastic Beanstalk environments to perform a blue/green deployment from the original environment to the new one. Create an application version lifecycle policy to terminate the original environment in 1 hour.

Use AWS CodeDeploy with a deployment group configured with a blue/green deployment configuration Select the option Terminate the original instances in the deployment group with a waiting period of 1 hour.

Use AWS Elastic Beanstalk with the configuration set to Immutable. Create an .ebextension using the Resources key that sets the deletion policy of the ALB to 1 hour, and deploy the application.

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Questions 44

A DevOps engineer is using AWS CodeDeploy across a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances in an EC2 Auto Scaling group. The associated CodeDeploy deployment group, which is integrated with EC2 Auto Scaling, is configured to perform in-place deployments with codeDeployDefault.oneAtATime During an ongoing new deployment, the engineer discovers that, although the overall deployment finished successfully, two out of five instances have the previous application revision deployed. The other three instances have the newest application revision

What is likely causing this issue?

Options:

The two affected instances failed to fetch the new deployment.

A failed Afterinstall lifecycle event hook caused the CodeDeploy agent to roll back to the previous version on the affected instances

The CodeDeploy agent was not installed in two affected instances.

EC2 Auto Scaling launched two new instances while the new deployment had not yet finished, causing the previous version to be deployed on the affected instances.

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Questions 45

A company uses AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) keys and manual key rotation to meet regulatory compliance requirements. The security team wants to be notified when any keys have not been rotated after 90 days.

Which solution will accomplish this?

Options:

Configure AWS KMS to publish to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic when keys are more than 90 days old.

Configure an Amazon EventBridge event to launch an AWS Lambda function to call the AWS Trusted Advisor API and publish to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic.

Develop an AWS Config custom rule that publishes to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic when keys are more than 90 days old.

Configure AWS Security Hub to publish to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic when keys are more than 90 days old.

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Questions 46

A company manages a web application that runs on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The EC2 instances run in an Auto Scaling group across multiple Availability Zones. The application uses an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance to store the data. The company has configured Amazon Route 53 with an alias record that points to the ALB.

A new company guideline requires a geographically isolated disaster recovery (DR> site with an RTO of 4 hours and an RPO of 15 minutes.

Which DR strategy will meet these requirements with the LEAST change to the application stack?

Options:

Launch a replica environment of everything except Amazon RDS in a different Availability Zone Create an RDS read replica in the new Availability Zone: and configure the new stack to point to the local RDS DB instance. Add the new stack to the Route 53 record set by using a hearth check to configure a failover routing policy.

Launch a replica environment of everything except Amazon RDS in a different AWS. Region Create an RDS read replica in the new Region and configure the new stack to point to the local RDS DB instance. Add the new stack to the Route 53 record set by using a health check to configure a latency routing policy.

Launch a replica environment of everything except Amazon RDS ma different AWS Region. In the event of an outage copy and restore the latest RDS snapshot from the primary. Region to the DR Region Adjust the Route 53 record set to point to the ALB in the DR Region.

Launch a replica environment of everything except Amazon RDS in a different AWS Region. Create an RDS read replica in the new Region and configure the new environment to point to the local RDS DB instance. Add the new stack to the Route 53 record set by using a health check to configure a failover routing policy. In the event of an outage promote the read replica to primary.

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Questions 47

A security review has identified that an AWS CodeBuild project is downloading a database population script from an Amazon S3 bucket using an unauthenticated request. The security team does not allow unauthenticated requests to S3 buckets for this project.

How can this issue be corrected in the MOST secure manner?

Options:

Add the bucket name to the AllowedBuckets section of the CodeBuild project settings. Update the build spec to use the AWS CLI to download the database population script.

Modify the S3 bucket settings to enable HTTPS basic authentication and specify a token. Update the build spec to use cURL to pass the token and download the database population script.

Remove unauthenticated access from the S3 bucket with a bucket policy. Modify the service role for the CodeBuild project to include Amazon S3 access. Use the AWS CLI to download the database population script.

Remove unauthenticated access from the S3 bucket with a bucket policy. Use the AWS CLI to download the database population script using an IAM access key and a secret access key.

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Questions 48

A company is migrating its on-premises Windows applications and Linux applications to AWS. The company will use automation to launch Amazon EC2 instances to mirror the on-premises configurations. The migrated applications require access to shared storage that uses SMB for Windows and NFS for Linux.

The company is also creating a pilot light disaster recovery (DR) environment in another AWS Region. The company will use automation to launch and configure the EC2 instances in the DR Region. The company needs to replicate the storage to the DR Region.

Which storage solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Use Amazon S3 for the application storage. Create an S3 bucket in the primary Region and an S3 bucket in the DR Region. Configure S3 Cross-Region Replication (CRR) from the primary Region to the DR Region.

Use Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) for the application storage. Create a backup plan in AWS Backup that creates snapshots of the EBS volumes that are in the primary Region and replicates the snapshots to the DR Region.

Use a Volume Gateway in AWS Storage Gateway for the application storage. Configure Cross-Region Replication (CRR) of the Volume Gateway from the primary Region to the DR Region.

Use Amazon FSx for NetApp ONTAP for the application storage. Create an FSx for ONTAP instance in the DR Region. Configure NetApp SnapMirror replication from the primary Region to the DR Region.

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Answer:

Explanation:

To meet the requirements of migrating its on-premises Windows and Linux applications to AWS and creating a pilot light DR environment in another AWS Region, the company should use Amazon FSx for NetApp ONTAP for the application storage. Amazon FSx for NetApp ONTAP is a fully managed service that provides highly reliable, scalable, high-performing, and feature-rich file storage built on NetApp’s popular ONTAP file system. FSx for ONTAP supports multiple protocols, including SMB for Windows and NFS for Linux, so the company can access the shared storage from both types of applications. FSx for ONTAP also supports NetApp SnapMirror replication, which enables the company to replicate the storage to the DR Region. NetApp SnapMirror replication is efficient, secure, and incremental, and it preserves the data deduplication and compression benefits of FSx for ONTAP. The company can use automation to launch and configure the EC2 instances in the DR Region and then use NetApp SnapMirror to restore the data from the primary Region.

The other options are not correct because they do not meet the requirements or follow best practices. Using Amazon S3 for the application storage is not a good option because S3 is an object storage service that does not support SMB or NFS protocols natively. The company would need to use additional services or software to mount S3 buckets as file systems, which would add complexity and cost. Using Amazon EBS for the application storage is also not a good option because EBS is a block storage service that does not support SMB or NFS protocols natively. The company would need to set up and manage file servers on EC2 instances to provide shared access to the EBS volumes, which would add overhead and maintenance. Using a Volume Gateway in AWS Storage Gateway for the application storage is not a valid option because Volume Gateway does not support SMB protocol. Volume Gateway only supports iSCSI protocol, which means that only Linux applications can access the shared storage.

1: What is Amazon FSx for NetApp ONTAP? - FSx for ONTAP

2: Amazon FSx for NetApp ONTAP

3: Amazon FSx for NetApp ONTAP | NetApp

4: AWS Announces General Availability of Amazon FSx for NetApp ONTAP

Replicating Data with NetApp SnapMirror - FSx for ONTAP

What Is Amazon S3? - Amazon Simple Storage Service

What Is Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS)? - Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud

What Is AWS Storage Gateway? - AWS Storage Gateway

Questions 49

An online retail company based in the United States plans to expand its operations to Europe and Asia in the next six months. Its product currently runs on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer. The instances run in an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group across multiple Availability Zones. All data is stored in an Amazon Aurora database instance.

When the product is deployed in multiple regions, the company wants a single product catalog across all regions, but for compliance purposes, its customer information and purchases must be kept in each region.

How should the company meet these requirements with the LEAST amount of application changes?

Options:

Use Amazon Redshift for the product catalog and Amazon DynamoDB tables for the customer information and purchases.

Use Amazon DynamoDB global tables for the product catalog and regional tables for the customer information and purchases.

Use Aurora with read replicas for the product catalog and additional local Aurora instances in each region for the customer information and purchases.

Use Aurora for the product catalog and Amazon DynamoDB global tables for the customer information and purchases.

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Questions 50

A company provides an application to customers. The application has an Amazon API Gateway REST API that invokes an AWS Lambda function. On initialization, the Lambda function loads a large amount of data from an Amazon DynamoDB table. The data load process results in long cold-start times of 8-10 seconds. The DynamoDB table has DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) configured.

Customers report that the application intermittently takes a long time to respond to requests. The application receives thousands of requests throughout the day. In the middle of the day, the application experiences 10 times more requests than at any other time of the day. Near the end of the day, the application's request volume decreases to 10% of its normal total.

A DevOps engineer needs to reduce the latency of the Lambda function at all times of the day.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Configure provisioned concurrency on the Lambda function with a concurrency value of 1. Delete the DAX cluster for the DynamoDB table.

Configure reserved concurrency on the Lambda function with a concurrency value of 0.

Configure provisioned concurrency on the Lambda function. Configure AWS Application Auto Scaling on the Lambda function with provisioned concurrency values set to a minimum of 1 and a maximum of 100.

Configure reserved concurrency on the Lambda function. Configure AWS Application Auto Scaling on the API Gateway API with a reserved concurrency maximum value of 100.

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Questions 51

A software team is using AWS CodePipeline to automate its Java application release pipeline The pipeline consists of a source stage, then a build stage, and then a deploy stage. Each stage contains a single action that has a runOrder value of 1.

The team wants to integrate unit tests into the existing release pipeline. The team needs a solution that deploys only the code changes that pass all unit tests.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Modify the build stage. Add a test action that has a runOrder value of 1. Use AWS CodeDeploy as the action provider to run unit tests.

Modify the build stage Add a test action that has a runOrder value of 2 Use AWS CodeBuild as the action provider to run unit tests

Modify the deploy stage Add a test action that has a runOrder value of 1 Use AWS CodeDeploy as the action provider to run unit tests

Modify the deploy stage Add a test action that has a runOrder value of 2 Use AWS CodeBuild as the action provider to run unit tests

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Questions 52

A company is developing an application that will generate log events. The log events consist of five distinct metrics every one tenth of a second and produce a large amount of data The company needs to configure the application to write the logs to Amazon Time stream The company will configure a daily query against the Timestream table.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements with the FASTEST query performance? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Use batch writes to write multiple log events in a Single write operation

Write each log event as a single write operation

Treat each log as a single-measure record

Treat each log as a multi-measure record

Configure the memory store retention period to be longer than the magnetic store retention period

Configure the memory store retention period to be shorter than the magnetic store retention period

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Answer:

A, D, F

Explanation:

A comprehensive and detailed explanation is:

Option A is correct because using batch writes to write multiple log events in a single write operation is a recommended practice for optimizing the performance and cost of data ingestion in Timestream. Batch writes can reduce the number of network round trips and API calls, and can also take advantage of parallel processing by Timestream. Batch writes can also improve the compression ratio of data in the memory store and the magnetic store, which can reduce the storage costs and improve the query performance1.

Option B is incorrect because writing each log event as a single write operation is not a recommended practice for optimizing the performance and cost of data ingestion in Timestream. Writing each log event as a single write operation would increase the number of network round trips and API calls, and would also reduce the compression ratio of data in the memory store and the magnetic store. This would increase the storage costs and degrade the query performance1.

Option C is incorrect because treating each log as a single-measure record is not a recommended practice for optimizing the query performance in Timestream. Treating each log as a single-measure record would result in creating multiple records for each timestamp, which would increase the storage size and the query latency. Moreover, treating each log as a single-measure record would require using joins to query multiple measures for the same timestamp, which would add complexity and overhead to the query processing2.

Option D is correct because treating each log as a multi-measure record is a recommended practice for optimizing the query performance in Timestream. Treating each log as a multi-measure record would result in creating a single record for each timestamp, which would reduce the storage size and the query latency. Moreover, treating each log as a multi-measure record would allow querying multiple measures for the same timestamp without using joins, which would simplify and speed up the query processing2.

Option E is incorrect because configuring the memory store retention period to be longer than the magnetic store retention period is not a valid option in Timestream. The memory store retention period must always be shorter than or equal to the magnetic store retention period. This ensures that data is moved from the memory store to the magnetic store before it expires out of the memory store3.

Option F is correct because configuring the memory store retention period to be shorter than the magnetic store retention period is a valid option in Timestream. The memory store retention period determines how long data is kept in the memory store, which is optimized for fast point-in-time queries. The magnetic store retention period determines how long data is kept in the magnetic store, which is optimized for fast analytical queries. By configuring these retention periods appropriately, you can balance your storage costs and query performance according to your application needs3.

[References:, 1: Batch writes, 2: Multi-measure records vs. single-measure records, 3: Storage, , , , , ]

Questions 53

A company updated the AWS Cloud Formation template for a critical business application. The stack update process failed due to an error in the updated template and AWS CloudFormation automatically began the stack rollback process Later a DevOps engineer discovered that the application was still unavailable and that the stack was in the UPDATE_ROLLBACK_FAILED state.

Which combination of actions should the DevOps engineer perform so that the stack rollback can complete successfully? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Attach the AWSC loud Formation FullAccess IAM policy to the AWS CtoudFormation role.

Automatically recover the stack resources by using AWS CloudFormation drift detection.

Issue a ContinueUpdateRollback command from the AWS CloudFormation console or the AWS CLI.

Manually adjust the resources to match the expectations of the stack.

Update the existing AWS CloudFormation stack by using the original template.

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Questions 54

A company is performing vulnerability scanning for all Amazon EC2 instances across many accounts. The accounts are in an organization in AWS Organizations. Each account's VPCs are attached to a shared transit gateway. The VPCs send traffic to the internet through a central egress VPC. The company has enabled Amazon Inspector in a delegated administrator account and has enabled scanning for all member accounts.

A DevOps engineer discovers that some EC2 instances are listed in the "not scanning" tab in Amazon Inspector.

Which combination of actions should the DevOps engineer take to resolve this issue? (Choose three.)

Options:

Verify that AWS Systems Manager Agent is installed and is running on the EC2 instances that Amazon Inspector is not scanning.

Associate the target EC2 instances with security groups that allow outbound communication on port 443 to the AWS Systems Manager service endpoint.

Grant inspector: StartAssessmentRun permissions to the IAM role that the DevOps engineer is using.

Configure EC2 Instance Connect for the EC2 instances that Amazon Inspector is not scanning.

Associate the target EC2 instances with instance profiles that grant permissions to communicate with AWS Systems Manager.

Create a managed-instance activation. Use the Activation Code and the Activation ID to register the EC2 instances.

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Questions 55

A company is refactoring applications to use AWS. The company identifies an internal web application that needs to make Amazon S3 API calls in a specific AWS account.

The company wants to use its existing identity provider (IdP) auth.company.com for authentication. The IdP supports only OpenID Connect (OIDC). A DevOps engineer needs to secure the web application's access to the AWS account.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Configure AWS 1AM Identity Center. Configure an IdP. Upload the IdP metadata from the existing IdP.

Create an 1AM IdP by using the provider URL, audience, and signature from the existing IdP.

Create an 1AM role that has a policy that allows the necessary S3 actions. Configure the role's trust policy to allow the OIDC IdP to assume the role if the sts.amazon.conraud context key is appid from idp.

Create an 1AM role that has a policy that allows the necessary S3 actions. Configure the role's trust policy to allow the OIDC IdP to assume the role if the auth.company.com:aud context key is appid_from_idp.

Configure the web application lo use the AssumeRoleWith Web Identity API operation to retrieve temporary credentials. Use the temporary credentials to make the S3 API calls.

Configure the web application to use the GetFederationToken API operation to retrieve temporary credentials Use the temporary credentials to make the S3 API calls.

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Answer:

B, D, E

Explanation:

Step 1: Creating an Identity Provider in IAMYou first need to configure AWS to trust the external identity provider (IdP), which in this case supports OpenID Connect (OIDC). The IdP will handle the authentication, and AWS will handle the authorization based on the IdP's token.

Action: Create an IAM Identity Provider (IdP) in AWS using the existing provider's URL, audience, and signature. This step is essential for establishing trust between AWS and the external IdP.

Why: This allows AWS to accept tokens from your external IdP (auth.company.com) for authentication.

[Reference: AWS documentation on IAM Identity Providers., So, this corresponds to Option B: Create an IAM IdP by using the provider URL, audience, and signature from the existing IdP., Step 2: Creating an IAM Role with Specific PermissionsNext, you need to create an IAM role with a trust policy that allows the external IdP to assume it when certain conditions are met. Specifically, the trust policy needs to allow the role to be assumed based on the context key auth.company.com:aud (audience claim in the token)., Action: Create an IAM role that has the necessary permissions (e.g., Amazon S3 access). The role's trust policy should specify the OIDC IdP as the trusted entity and validate the audience claim (auth.company.com:aud), which comes from the token provided by the IdP., Why: This step ensures that only the specified web application authenticated via OIDC can assume the IAM role to make API calls., Reference: AWS documentation on OIDC and Role Assumption., This corresponds to Option D: Create an IAM role that has a policy that allows the necessary S3 actions. Configure the role's trust policy to allow the OIDC IdP to assume the role if the auth.company.com:aud context key is appid_from_idp., Step 3: Using Temporary Credentials via AssumeRoleWithWebIdentity APITo securely make Amazon S3 API calls, the web application will need temporary credentials. The web application can use the AssumeRoleWithWebIdentity API call to assume the IAM role configured in the previous step and obtain temporary AWS credentials. These credentials can then be used to interact with Amazon S3., Action: The web application must be configured to call the AssumeRoleWithWebIdentity API operation, passing the OIDC token from the IdP to obtain temporary credentials., Why: This allows the web application to authenticate via the external IdP and then authorize access to AWS resources securely using short-lived credentials., Reference: AWS documentation on AssumeRoleWithWebIdentity., This corresponds to Option E: Configure the web application to use the AssumeRoleWithWebIdentity API operation to retrieve temporary credentials. Use the temporary credentials to make the S3 API calls., Summary of Selected Answers:, B: Create an IAM IdP by using the provider URL, audience, and signature from the existing IdP., D: Create an IAM role that has a policy that allows the necessary S3 actions. Configure the role’s trust policy to allow the OIDC IdP to assume the role if the auth.company.com:aud context key is appid_from_idp., E: Configure the web application to use the AssumeRoleWithWebIdentity API operation to retrieve temporary credentials. Use the temporary credentials to make the S3 API calls., This setup enables the web application to use OpenID Connect (OIDC) for authentication and securely interact with Amazon S3 in a specific AWS account using short-lived credentials obtained through AWS Security Token Service (STS)., , ]

Questions 56

A company requires an RPO of 2 hours and an RTO of 10 minutes for its data and application at all times. An application uses a MySQL database and Amazon EC2 web servers. The development team needs a strategy for failover and disaster recovery.

Which combination of deployment strategies will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Create an Amazon Aurora cluster in one Availability Zone across multiple Regions as the data store Use Aurora's automatic recovery capabilities in the event of a disaster

Create an Amazon Aurora global database in two Regions as the data store. In the event of a failure promote the secondary Region as the primary for the application.

Create an Amazon Aurora multi-master cluster across multiple Regions as the data store. Use a Network Load Balancer to balance the database traffic in different Regions.

Set up the application in two Regions and use Amazon Route 53 failover-based routing that points to the Application Load Balancers in both Regions. Use hearth checks to determine the availability in a given Region. Use Auto Scaling groups in each Region to adjust capacity based on demand.

Set up the application m two Regions and use a multi-Region Auto Scaling group behind Application Load Balancers to manage the capacity based on demand. In the event of a disaster adjust the Auto Scaling group's desired instance count to increase baseline capacity in the failover Region.

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Questions 57

A company builds a container image in an AWS CodeBuild project by running Docker commands. After the container image is built, the CodeBuild project uploads the container image to an Amazon S3 bucket. The CodeBuild project has an IAM service role that has permissions to access the S3 bucket.

A DevOps engineer needs to replace the S3 bucket with an Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) repository to store the container images. The

DevOps engineer creates an ECR private image repository in the same AWS Region of the CodeBuild project. The DevOps engineer adjusts the IAM service role with the permissions that are necessary to work with the new ECR repository. The DevOps engineer also places new repository information into the docker build command and the docker push command that are used in the buildspec.yml file.

When the CodeBuild project runs a build job, the job fails when the job tries to access the ECR repository.

Which solution will resolve the issue of failed access to the ECR repository?

Options:

Update the buildspec.yml file to log in to the ECR repository by using the aws ecr get-login-password AWS CLI command to obtain an authentication token. Update the docker login command to use the authentication token to access the ECR repository.

Add an environment variable of type SECRETS_MANAGER to the CodeBuild project. In the environment variable, include the ARN of the CodeBuild project's IAM service role. Update the buildspec.yml file to use the new environment variable to log in with the docker login command to access the ECR repository.

Update the ECR repository to be a public image repository. Add an ECR repository policy that allows the IAM service role to have access.

Update the buildspec.yml file to use the AWS CLI to assume the IAM service role for ECR operations. Add an ECR repository policy that allows the IAM service role to have access.

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Questions 58

A company deploys an application on on-premises devices in the company's on-premises data center. The company uses an AWS Direct Connect connection between the data center and the company's AWS account. During initial setup of the on-premises devices and during application updates, the application needs to retrieve configuration files from an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system. All traffic from the on-premises devices to Amazon EFS must remain private and encrypted. The on-premises devices must follow the principle of least privilege for AWS access. The company's DevOps team needs the ability to revoke access from a single device without affecting the access of the other devices. Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Create an IAM user that has an access key and a secret key for each device. Attach the AmazonElasticFileSystemFullAccess policy to all IAM users. Configure the AWS CLI on the on-premises devices to use the IAM user's access key and secret key.

Generate certificates for each on-premises device in AWS Private Certificate Authority. Create a trust anchor in IAM Roles Anywhere that references an AWS Private CA. Create an IAM role that trusts IAM Roles Anywhere. Attach the AmazonElasticFileSystemClientReadWriteAccess to the role. Create an IAM Roles Anywhere profile for the IAM role. Configure the AWS CLI on the on-premises devices to use the aws_signing_helper command to obtain crede

Create an IAM user that has an access key and a secret key for all devices. Attach the AmazonElasticFileSystemClientReadWriteAccess policy to the IAM user. Configure the AWS CLI on the on-premises devices to use the IAM user's access key and secret key.

Use the amazon-efs-utils package to mount the EFS file system.

Use the native Linux NFS client to mount the EFS file system.

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Questions 59

A company has containerized all of its in-house quality control applications. The company is running Jenkins on Amazon EC2 instances, which require patching and upgrading. The compliance officer has requested a DevOps engineer begin encrypting build artifacts since they contain company intellectual property.

What should the DevOps engineer do to accomplish this in the MOST maintainable manner?

Options:

Automate patching and upgrading using AWS Systems Manager on EC2 instances and encrypt Amazon EBS volumes by default.

Deploy Jenkins to an Amazon ECS cluster and copy build artifacts to an Amazon S3 bucket with default encryption enabled.

Leverage AWS CodePipeline with a build action and encrypt the artifacts using AWS Secrets Manager.

Use AWS CodeBuild with artifact encryption to replace the Jenkins instance running on EC2 instances.

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Questions 60

A company uses an organization in AWS Organizations to manage its AWS accounts. The company recently acquired another company that has standalone AWS accounts. The acquiring company's DevOps team needs to consolidate the administration of the AWS accounts for both companies and retain full administrative control of the accounts. The DevOps team also needs to collect and group findings across all the accounts to implement and maintain a security posture.

Which combination of steps should the DevOps team take to meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Invite the acquired company's AWS accounts to join the organization. Create an SCP that has full administrative privileges. Attach the SCP to the management account.

Invite the acquired company's AWS accounts to join the organization. Create the OrganizationAccountAccessRole 1AM role in the invited accounts. Grant permission to the management account to assume the role.

Use AWS Security Hub to collect and group findings across all accounts. Use Security Hub to automatically detect new accounts as the accounts are added to the organization.

Use AWS Firewall Manager to collect and group findings across all accounts. Enable all features for the organization. Designate an account in the organization as the delegated administrator account for Firewall Manager.

Use Amazon Inspector to collect and group findings across all accounts. Designate an account in the organization as the delegated administrator account for Amazon Inspector.

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Questions 61

A company's application teams use AWS CodeCommit repositories for their applications. The application teams have repositories in multiple AWS

accounts. All accounts are in an organization in AWS Organizations.

Each application team uses AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) configured with an external IdP to assume a developer IAM role. The developer role allows the application teams to use Git to work with the code in the repositories.

A security audit reveals that the application teams can modify the main branch in any repository. A DevOps engineer must implement a solution that

allows the application teams to modify the main branch of only the repositories that they manage.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Update the SAML assertion to pass the user's team name. Update the IAM role's trust policy to add an access-team session tag that has the team name.

Create an approval rule template for each team in the Organizations management account. Associate the template with all the repositories. Add the developer role ARN as an approver.

Create an approval rule template for each account. Associate the template with all repositories. Add the "aws:ResourceTag/access-team":"$ ;{aws:PrincipaITag/access-team}" condition to the approval rule template.

For each CodeCommit repository, add an access-team tag that has the value set to the name of the associated team.

Attach an SCP to the accounts. Include the following statement:

A computer code with text AI-generated content may be incorrect.

Create an IAM permissions boundary in each account. Include the following statement:

A computer code with black text AI-generated content may be incorrect.

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Answer:

A, D, F

Explanation:

Short Explanation: To meet the requirements, the DevOps engineer should update the SAML assertion to pass the user’s team name, update the IAM role’s trust policy to add an access-team session tag that has the team name, create an IAM permissions boundary in each account, and for each CodeCommit repository, add an access-team tag that has the value set to the name of the associated team.

Updating the SAML assertion to pass the user’s team name allows the DevOps engineer to use IAM tags to identify which team a user belongs to. This can help enforce fine-grained access control based on the user’s team membership1.

Updating the IAM role’s trust policy to add an access-team session tag that has the team name allows the DevOps engineer to use IAM condition keys to restrict access based on the session tag value2. For example, the DevOps engineer can use the aws:PrincipalTag condition key to match the access-team tag of the user with the access-team tag of the repository3.

Creating an IAM permissions boundary in each account allows the DevOps engineer to set the maximum permissions that an identity-based policy can grant to an IAM entity. An entity’s permissions boundary allows it to perform only the actions that are allowed by both its identity-based policies and its permissions boundaries4. For example, the DevOps engineer can use a permissions boundary policy to limit the actions that a user can perform on CodeCommit repositories based on their access-team tag5.

For each CodeCommit repository, adding an access-team tag that has the value set to the name of the associated team allows the DevOps engineer to use resource tags to identify which team manages a repository. This can help enforce fine-grained access control based on the resource tag value6.

The other options are incorrect because:

Creating an approval rule template for each team in the Organizations management account is not a valid option, as approval rule templates are not supported by AWS Organizations. Approval rule templates are specific to CodeCommit and can only be associated with one or more repositories in the same AWS Region where they are created7.

Creating an approval rule template for each account is not a valid option, as approval rule templates are not designed to restrict access to modify branches. Approval rule templates are designed to require approvals from specified users or groups before merging pull requests8.

Attaching an SCP to the accounts is not a valid option, as SCPs are not designed to restrict access based on tags. SCPs are designed to restrict access based on service actions and resources across all users and roles in an organization’s account9.

Questions 62

A company is implementing an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) cluster to run its workload. The company architecture will run multiple ECS services on the cluster. The architecture includes an Application Load Balancer on the front end and uses multiple target groups to route traffic.

A DevOps engineer must collect application and access logs. The DevOps engineer then needs to send the logs to an Amazon S3 bucket for near-real-time analysis.

Which combination of steps must the DevOps engineer take to meet these requirements? (Choose three.)

Options:

Download the Amazon CloudWatch Logs container instance from AWS. Configure this instance as a task. Update the application service definitions to include the logging task.

Install the Amazon CloudWatch Logs agent on the ECS instances. Change the logging driver in the ECS task definition to awslogs.

Use Amazon EventBridge to schedule an AWS Lambda function that will run every 60 seconds and will run the Amazon CloudWatch Logs create-export-task command. Then point the output to the logging S3 bucket.

Activate access logging on the ALB. Then point the ALB directly to the logging S3 bucket.

Activate access logging on the target groups that the ECS services use. Then send the logs directly to the logging S3 bucket.

Create an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream that has a destination of the logging S3 bucket. Then create an Amazon CloudWatch Logs subscription filter for Kinesis Data Firehose.

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Questions 63

A company manages a multi-tenant environment in its VPC and has configured Amazon GuardDuty for the corresponding AWS account. The company sends all GuardDuty findings to AWS Security Hub.

Traffic from suspicious sources is generating a large number of findings. A DevOps engineer needs to implement a solution to automatically deny traffic across the entire VPC when GuardDuty discovers a new suspicious source.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create a GuardDuty threat list. Configure GuardDuty to reference the list. Create an AWS Lambda function that will update the threat list Configure the Lambda function to run in response to new Security Hub findings that come from GuardDuty.

Configure an AWS WAF web ACL that includes a custom rule group. Create an AWS Lambda function that will create a block rule in the custom rule group Configure the Lambda function to run in response to new Security Hub findings that come from GuardDuty

Configure a firewall in AWS Network Firewall. Create an AWS Lambda function that will create a Drop action rule in the firewall policy Configure the Lambda function to run in response to new Security Hub findings that come from GuardDuty

Create an AWS Lambda function that will create a GuardDuty suppression rule. Configure the Lambda function to run in response to new Security Hub findings that come from GuardDuty.

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Questions 64

AnyCompany is using AWS Organizations to create and manage multiple AWS accounts AnyCompany recently acquired a smaller company, Example Corp. During the acquisition process, Example Corp's single AWS account joined AnyCompany's management account through an Organizations invitation. AnyCompany moved the new member account under an OU that is dedicated to Example Corp.

AnyCompany's DevOps eng•neer has an IAM user that assumes a role that is named OrganizationAccountAccessRole to access member accounts. This role is configured with a full access policy When the DevOps engineer tries to use the AWS Management Console to assume the role in Example Corp's new member account, the DevOps engineer receives the following error message "Invalid information in one or more fields. Check your information or contact your administrator."

Which solution will give the DevOps engineer access to the new member account?

Options:

In the management account, grant the DevOps engineer's IAM user permission to assume the OrganzatlonAccountAccessR01e IAM role in the new member account.

In the management account, create a new SCR In the SCP, grant the DevOps engineer's IAM user full access to all resources in the new member account. Attach the SCP to the OU that contains the new member account,

In the new member account, create a new IAM role that is named OrganizationAccountAccessRole. Attach the AdmInistratorAccess AVVS managed policy to the role. In the role's trust policy, grant the management account permission to assume the role.

In the new member account edit the trust policy for the Organ zationAccountAccessRole IAM role. Grant the management account permission to assume the role.

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Answer:

Explanation:

The problem is that the DevOps engineer cannot assume the OrganizationAccountAccessRole IAM role in the new member account that joined AnyCompany’s management account through an Organizations invitation. The solution is to create a new IAM role with the same name and trust policy in the new member account.

Option A is incorrect, as it does not address the root cause of the error. The DevOps engineer’s IAM user already has permission to assume the OrganizationAccountAccessRole IAM role in any member account, as this is the default role name that AWS Organizations creates when a new account joins an organization. The error occurs because the new member account does not have this role, as it was not created by AWS Organizations.

Option B is incorrect, as it does not address the root cause of the error. An SCP is a policy that defines the maximum permissions for account members of an organization or organizational unit (OU). An SCP does not grant permissions to IAM users or roles, but rather limits the permissions that identity-based policies or resource-based policies grant to them. An SCP also does not affect how IAM roles are assumed by other principals.

Option C is correct, as it addresses the root cause of the error. By creating a new IAM role with the same name and trust policy as the OrganizationAccountAccessRole IAM role in the new member account, the DevOps engineer can assume this role and access the account. The new role should have the AdministratorAccess AWS managed policy attached, which grants full access to all AWS resources in the account. The trust policy should allow the management account to assume the role, which can be done by specifying the management account ID as a principal in the policy statement.

Option D is incorrect, as it assumes that the new member account already has the OrganizationAccountAccessRole IAM role, which is not true. The new member account does not have this role, as it was not created by AWS Organizations. Editing the trust policy of a non-existent role will not solve the problem.

Questions 65

A company is developing a web application's infrastructure using AWS CloudFormation The database engineering team maintains the database resources in a Cloud Formation template, and the software development team maintains the web application resources in a separate CloudFormation template. As the scope of the application grows, the software development team needs to use resources maintained by the database engineering team However, both teams have their own review and lifecycle management processes that they want to keep. Both teams also require resource-level change-set reviews. The software development team would like to deploy changes to this template using their Cl/CD pipeline.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create a stack export from the database CloudFormation template and import those references into the web application CloudFormation template

Create a CloudFormation nested stack to make cross-stack resource references and parameters available in both stacks.

Create a CloudFormation stack set to make cross-stack resource references and parameters available in both stacks.

Create input parameters in the web application CloudFormation template and pass resource names and IDs from the database stack.

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Questions 66

A company hosts a security auditing application in an AWS account. The auditing application uses an IAM role to access other AWS accounts. All the accounts are in the same organization in AWS Organizations.

A recent security audit revealed that users in the audited AWS accounts could modify or delete the auditing application's IAM role. The company needs to prevent any modification to the auditing application's IAM role by any entity other than a trusted administrator IAM role.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an SCP that includes a Deny statement for changes to the auditing application's IAM role. Include a condition that allows the trusted administrator IAM role to make changes. Attach the SCP to the root of the organization.

Create an SCP that includes an Allow statement for changes to the auditing application's IAM role by the trusted administrator IAM role. Include a Deny statement for changes by all other IAM principals. Attach the SCP to the IAM service in each AWS account where the auditing application has an IAM role.

Create an IAM permissions boundary that includes a Deny statement for changes to the auditing application's IAM role. Include a condition that allows the trusted administrator IAM role to make changes. Attach the permissions boundary to the audited AWS accounts.

Create an IAM permissions boundary that includes a Deny statement for changes to the auditing application’s IAM role. Include a condition that allows the trusted administrator IAM role to make changes. Attach the permissions boundary to the auditing application's IAM role in the AWS accounts.

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Questions 67

A DevOps engineer is building a continuous deployment pipeline for a serverless application that uses AWS Lambda functions. The company wants to reduce the customer impact of an unsuccessful deployment. The company also wants to monitor for issues.

Which deploy stage configuration will meet these requirements?

Options:

Use an AWS Serverless Application Model (AWS SAM) template to define the serverless application. Use AWS CodeDeploy to deploy the Lambda functions with the Canary10Percent15Minutes Deployment Preference Type. Use Amazon CloudWatch alarms to monitor the health of the functions.

Use AWS CloudFormation to publish a new stack update, and include Amazon CloudWatch alarms on all resources. Set up an AWS CodePipeline approval action for a developer to verify and approve the AWS CloudFormation change set.

Use AWS CloudFormation to publish a new version on every stack update, and include Amazon CloudWatch alarms on all resources. Use the RoutingConfig property of the AWS::Lambda::Alias resource to update the traffic routing during the stack update.

Use AWS CodeBuild to add sample event payloads for testing to the Lambda functions. Publish a new version of the functions, and include Amazon CloudWatch alarms. Update the production alias to point to the new version. Configure rollbacks to occur when an alarm is in the ALARM state.

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Questions 68

An ecommerce company has chosen AWS to host its new platform. The company's DevOps team has started building an AWS Control Tower landing zone. The DevOps team has set the identity store within AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) to external identity provider (IdP) and has configured SAML 2.0.

The DevOps team wants a robust permission model that applies the principle of least privilege. The model must allow the team to build and manage only the team's own resources.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Choose three.)

Options:

Create IAM policies that include the required permissions. Include the aws:PrincipalTag condition key.

Create permission sets. Attach an inline policy that includes the required permissions and uses the aws:PrincipalTag condition key to scope the permissions.

Create a group in the IdP. Place users in the group. Assign the group to accounts and the permission sets in IAM Identity Center.

Create a group in the IdP. Place users in the group. Assign the group to OUs and IAM policies.

Enable attributes for access control in IAM Identity Center. Apply tags to users. Map the tags as key-value pairs.

Enable attributes for access control in IAM Identity Center. Map attributes from the IdP as key-value pairs.

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Questions 69

A company has an application that includes AWS Lambda functions. The Lambda functions run Python code that is stored in an AWS CodeCommit repository. The company has recently experienced failures in the production environment because of an error in the Python code. An engineer has written unit tests for the Lambda functions to help avoid releasing any future defects into the production environment.

The company's DevOps team needs to implement a solution to integrate the unit tests into an existing AWS CodePipeline pipeline. The solution must produce reports about the unit tests for the company to view.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Associate the CodeCommit repository with Amazon CodeGuru Reviewer. Create a new AWS CodeBuild project. In the CodePipeline pipeline, configure a test stage that uses the new CodeBuild project. Create a buildspec.yml file in the CodeCommit repository. In the buildspec.yml file, define the actions to run a CodeGuru review.

Create a new AWS CodeBuild project. In the CodePipeline pipeline, configure a test stage that uses the new CodeBuild project. Create a CodeBuild report group. Create a buildspec.yml file in the CodeCommit repository. In the buildspec.yml file, define the actions to run the unit tests with an output of JUNITXML in the build phase section. Configure the test reports to be uploaded to the new CodeBuild report group.

Create a new AWS CodeArtifact repository. Create a new AWS CodeBuild project. In the CodePipeline pipeline, configure a test stage that uses the new CodeBuild project. Create an appspec.yml file in the original CodeCommit repository. In the appspec.yml file, define the actions to run the unit tests with an output of CUCUMBERJSON in the build phase section. Configure the tests reports to be sent to the new CodeArtifact repository.

Create a new AWS CodeBuild project. In the CodePipeline pipeline, configure a test stage that uses the new CodeBuild project. Create a new Amazon S3 bucket. Create a buildspec.yml file in the CodeCommit repository. In the buildspec.yml file, define the actions to run the unit tests with an output of HTML in the phases section. In the reports section, upload the test reports to the S3 bucket.

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Questions 70

An ecommerce company uses a large number of Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) backed Amazon EC2 instances. To decrease manual work across all the instances, a DevOps engineer is tasked with automating restart actions when EC2 instance retirement events are scheduled.

How can this be accomplished?

Options:

Create a scheduled Amazon EventBridge rule to run an AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook that checks if any EC2 instances are scheduled for retirement once a week If the instance is scheduled for retirement the runbook will hibernate the instance

Enable EC2Auto Recovery on all of the instances. Create an AWS Config rule to limit the recovery to occur during a maintenance window only

Reboot all EC2 instances during an approved maintenance window that is outside of standard business hours Set up Amazon CloudWatch alarms to send a notification in case any instance is failing EC2 instance status checks

Set up an AWS Health Amazon EventBridge rule to run AWS Systems Manager Automation runbooks that stop and start the EC2 instance when a retirement scheduled event occurs.

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Questions 71

A DevOps learn has created a Custom Lambda rule in AWS Config. The rule monitors Amazon Elastic Container Repository (Amazon ECR) policy statements for ecr:' actions. When a noncompliant repository is detected, Amazon EventBridge uses Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) to route the notification to a security team.

When the custom AWS Config rule is evaluated, the AWS Lambda function fails to run.

Which solution will resolve the issue?

Options:

Modify the Lambda function's resource policy to grant AWS Config permission to invoke the function.

Modify the SNS topic policy to include configuration changes for EventBridge to publish to the SNS topic.

Modify the Lambda function's execution role to include configuration changes for custom AWS Config rules.

Modify all the ECR repository policies to grant AWS Config access to the necessary ECR API actions.

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Questions 72

A company has an organization in AWS Organizations for its multi-account environment. A DevOps engineer is developing an AWS CodeArtifact based strategy for application package management across the organization. Each application team at the company has its own account in the organization. Each application team also has limited access to a centralized shared services account.

Each application team needs full access to download, publish, and grant access to its own packages. Some common library packages that the application teams use must also be shared with the entire organization.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements with the LEAST administrative overhead? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Create a domain in each application team's account. Grant each application team's account lull read access and write access to the application team's domain

Create a domain in the shared services account Grant the organization read access and CreateRepository access.

Create a repository in each application team's account. Grant each application team's account lull read access and write access to its own repository.

Create a repository in the shared services account. Grant the organization read access to the repository in the shared services account. Set the repository as the upstream repository in each application team's repository.

For teams that require shared packages, create resource-based policies that allow read access to the repository from other application teams' accounts.

Set the other application teams' repositories as upstream repositories.

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Answer:

B, D, E

Explanation:

 Step 1: Creating a Centralized Domain in the Shared Services Account

To manage application package dependencies across multiple accounts, the most efficient solution is to create a centralized domain in the shared services account. This allows all application teams to access and manage package repositories within the same domain, ensuring consistency and centralization.

Action: Create a domain in the shared services account.

Why: A single, centralized domain reduces the need for redundant management in each application team's account.

[Reference: AWS documentation on AWS CodeArtifact domains and repositories., This corresponds to Option B: Create a domain in the shared services account. Grant the organization read access and CreateRepository access.,  Step 2: Sharing Repositories Across Teams with Upstream ConfigurationsTo share common library packages across the organization, each application team's repository can point to the shared services repository as an upstream repository. This enables teams to access shared packages without managing them individually in each team's account., Action: Create a repository in the shared services account and set it as the upstream repository for each application team., Why: Upstream repositories allow package sharing while maintaining individual team repositories for managing their own packages., Reference: AWS documentation on Upstream repositories in CodeArtifact., This corresponds to Option D: Create a repository in the shared services account. Grant the organization read access to the repository in the shared services account. Set the repository as the upstream repository in each application team's repository.,  Step 3: Using Resource-Based Policies for Cross-Account AccessFor teams that need to share their packages with other application teams, resource-based policies can be applied to grant the necessary permissions. These policies allow cross-account access without having to manage permissions at the individual account level., Action: Create resource-based policies that allow read access to the repositories across application teams., Why: This simplifies management by centralizing permissions in the shared services account while allowing cross-team collaboration., Reference: AWS documentation on CodeArtifact resource-based policies., This corresponds to Option E: For teams that require shared packages, create resource-based policies that allow read access to the repository from other application teams' accounts., , , , ]

Questions 73

A highly regulated company has a policy that DevOps engineers should not log in to their Amazon EC2 instances except in emergencies. It a DevOps engineer does log in the security team must be notified within 15 minutes of the occurrence.

Which solution will meet these requirements'?

Options:

Install the Amazon Inspector agent on each EC2 instance Subscribe to Amazon EventBridge notifications Invoke an AWS Lambda function to check if a message is about user logins If it is send a notification to the security team using Amazon SNS.

Install the Amazon CloudWatch agent on each EC2 instance Configure the agent to push all logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs and set up a CloudWatch metric filter that searches for user logins. If a login is found send a notification to the security team using Amazon SNS.

Set up AWS CloudTrail with Amazon CloudWatch Logs. Subscribe CloudWatch Logs to Amazon Kinesis Attach AWS Lambda to Kinesis to parse and determine if a log contains a user login If it does, send a notification to the security team using Amazon SNS.

Set up a script on each Amazon EC2 instance to push all logs to Amazon S3 Set up an S3 event to invoke an AWS Lambda function which invokes an Amazon Athena query to run. The Athena query checks tor logins and sends the output to the security team using Amazon SNS.

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Questions 74

A DevOps engineer needs to back up sensitive Amazon S3 objects that are stored within an S3 bucket with a private bucket policy using S3 cross-Region replication functionality. The objects need to be copied to a target bucket in a different AWS Region and account.

Which combination of actions should be performed to enable this replication? (Choose three.)

Options:

Create a replication IAM role in the source account

Create a replication I AM role in the target account.

Add statements to the source bucket policy allowing the replication IAM role to replicate objects.

Add statements to the target bucket policy allowing the replication IAM role to replicate objects.

Create a replication rule in the source bucket to enable the replication.

Create a replication rule in the target bucket to enable the replication.

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Questions 75

A space exploration company receives telemetry data from multiple satellites. Small packets of data are received through Amazon API Gateway and are placed directly into an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) standard queue. A custom application is subscribed to the queue and transforms the data into a standard format.

Because of inconsistencies in the data that the satellites produce, the application is occasionally unable to transform the data. In these cases, the messages remain in the SQS queue. A DevOps engineer must develop a solution that retains the failed messages and makes them available to scientists for review and future processing.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Configure AWS Lambda to poll the SQS queue and invoke a Lambda function to check whether the queue messages are valid. If validation fails, send a copy of the data that is not valid to an Amazon S3 bucket so that the scientists can review and correct the data. When the data is corrected, amend the message in the SQS queue by using a replay Lambda function with the corrected data.

Convert the SQS standard queue to an SQS FIFO queue. Configure AWS Lambda to poll the SQS queue every 10 minutes by using an Amazon EventBridge schedule. Invoke the Lambda function to identify any messages with a SentTimestamp value that is older than 5 minutes, push the data to the same location as the application's output location, and remove the messages from the queue.

Create an SQS dead-letter queue. Modify the existing queue by including a redrive policy that sets the Maximum Receives setting to 1 and sets the dead-letter queue ARN to the ARN of the newly created queue. Instruct the scientists to use the dead-letter queue to review the data that is not valid. Reprocess this data at a later time.

Configure API Gateway to send messages to different SQS virtual queues that are named for each of the satellites. Update the application to use a new virtual queue for any data that it cannot transform, and send the message to the new virtual queue. Instruct the scientists to use the virtual queue to review the data that is not valid. Reprocess this data at a later time.

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Questions 76

A DevOps engineer needs to implement integration tests into an existing AWS CodePipelme CI/CD workflow for an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) service. The CI/CD workflow retrieves new application code from an AWS CodeCommit repository and builds a container image. The CI/CD workflow then uploads the container image to Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) with a new image tag version.

The integration tests must ensure that new versions of the service endpoint are reachable and that vanous API methods return successful response data The DevOps engineer has already created an ECS cluster to test the service

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements with the LEAST management overhead? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Add a deploy stage to the pipeline Configure Amazon ECS as the action provider

Add a deploy stage to the pipeline Configure AWS CodeDeploy as the action provider

Add an appspec.yml file to the CodeCommit repository

Update the image build pipeline stage to output an imagedefinitions json file that references the new image tag.

Create an AWS Lambda function that runs connectivity checks and API calls against the service. Integrate the Lambda function with CodePipeline by using aLambda action stage

Write a script that runs integration tests against the service. Upload the script to an Amazon S3 bucket. Integrate the script in the S3 bucket with CodePipeline by using an S3 action stage.

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Answer:

A, D, E

Explanation:

 Add a Deploy Stage to the Pipeline, Configure Amazon ECS as the Action Provider:

By adding a deploy stage to the pipeline and configuring Amazon ECS as the action provider, the pipeline can automatically deploy the new container image to the ECS cluster.

This ensures that the service is updated with the new image tag, making the new version of the service endpoint reachable.

[Reference: AWS CodePipeline with ECS,  Update the Image Build Pipeline Stage to Output an imagedefinitions.json File that References the New Image Tag:, The imagedefinitions.json file provides the necessary information about the container images and their tags for the ECS task definitions., Updating the pipeline to output this file ensures that the correct image version is deployed., Example imagedefinitions.json, , [, {, "name": "container-name",, "imageUri": "123456789012.dkr.ecr.region.amazonaws.com/my-repo:my-tag", }, ], , ,  Reference: CodePipeline ECS Deployment,  Create an AWS Lambda Function that Runs Connectivity Checks and API Calls against the Service. Integrate the Lambda Function with CodePipeline by Using a Lambda Action Stage:, The Lambda function can perform the necessary integration tests by making connectivity checks and API calls to the deployed service endpoint., Integrating this Lambda function into CodePipeline ensures that these tests are run automatically after deployment, providing near-real-time feedback on the new deployment’s health., , Example Lambda function integration:, actions:, - name: TestService, actionTypeId:, category: Test, owner: AWS, provider: Lambda, version: 1, runOrder: 2, configuration:, FunctionName: testServiceFunction, , Reference: Integrating Lambda with CodePipeline, These steps ensure that the CI/CD workflow deploys the new container image to ECS, updates the image references, and performs integration tests, meeting the requirements with minimal management overhead., , , , ]

Questions 77

A company wants to use AWS Systems Manager documents to bootstrap physical laptops for developers The bootstrap code Is stored in GitHub A DevOps engineer has already created a Systems Manager activation, installed the Systems Manager agent with the registration code, and installed an activation ID on all the laptops.

Which set of steps should be taken next?

Options:

Configure the Systems Manager document to use the AWS-RunShellScnpt command to copy the files from GitHub to Amazon S3, then use the aws-downloadContent plugin with a sourceType of S3

Configure the Systems Manager document to use the aws-configurePackage plugin with an install action and point to the Git repository

Configure the Systems Manager document to use the aws-downloadContent plugin with a sourceType of GitHub and sourcelnfo with the repository details.

Configure the Systems Manager document to use the aws:softwarelnventory plugin and run the script from the Git repository

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Questions 78

A DevOps engineer is designing an application that integrates with a legacy REST API. The application has an AWS Lambda function that reads records from an Amazon Kinesis data stream. The Lambda function sends the records to the legacy REST API.

Approximately 10% of the records that the Lambda function sends from the Kinesis data stream have data errors and must be processed manually. The Lambda function event source configuration has an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) dead-letter queue as an on-failure destination. The DevOps engineer has configured the Lambda function to process records in batches and has implemented retries in case of failure.

During testing the DevOps engineer notices that the dead-letter queue contains many records that have no data errors and that already have been processed by the legacy REST API. The DevOps engineer needs to configure the Lambda function's event source options to reduce the number of errorless records that are sent to the dead-letter queue.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Increase the retry attempts

Configure the setting to split the batch when an error occurs

Increase the concurrent batches per shard

Decrease the maximum age of record

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Questions 79

A company is deploying a new application that uses Amazon EC2 instances. The company needs a solution to query application logs and AWS account API activity Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Use the Amazon CloudWatch agent to send logs from the EC2 instances to Amazon CloudWatch Logs Configure AWS CloudTrail to deliver the API logs to Amazon S3 Use CloudWatch to query both sets of logs.

Use the Amazon CloudWatch agent to send logs from the EC2 instances to Amazon CloudWatch Logs Configure AWS CloudTrail to deliver the API logs to CloudWatch Logs Use CloudWatch Logs Insights to query both sets of logs.

Use the Amazon CloudWatch agent to send logs from the EC2 instances to Amazon Kinesis Configure AWS CloudTrail to deliver the API logs to Kinesis Use Kinesis to load the data into Amazon Redshift Use Amazon Redshift to query both sets of logs.

Use the Amazon CloudWatch agent to send logs from the EC2 instances to Amazon S3 Use AWS CloudTrail to deliver the API togs to Amazon S3 Use Amazon Athena to query both sets of logs in Amazon S3.

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Questions 80

A global company uses Amazon S3 to host its product catalog website in the us-east-1 Region. The company must improve website performance for users across different geographical regions and must reduce the load on the origin server. The company must implement a highly available cross-Region solution that uses Amazon CloudFront. Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational effort?

Options:

Set up multiple CloudFront distributions. Point each distribution to another S3 bucket in a different Region. Use Amazon Route 53 latency-based routing to direct users to the nearest distribution.

Enable S3 replication between the S3 bucket in us-east-1 and the S3 bucket in the different Region.

Enable CloudFront with Origin Shield in us-east-1. Configure global edge locations. Set up cache behaviors with optimal TTLs for static content and dynamic content. Configure origin failover to an S3 bucket in a different Region. Enable S3 replication between the S3 bucket in us-east-1 and the S3 bucket in the different Region.

Enable CloudFront with Origin Shield in us-east-1. Configure Amazon ElastiCache clusters in multiple Regions to serve as a distributed caching layer between CloudFront and the S3 origin. Set up a replication script to synchronize the S3 bucket in us-east-1 to an S3 bucket in a different Region. Use Amazon EventBridge to schedule the script to run once a day.

Enable CloudFront with Origin Shield in the eu-west-1 Region. Configure Regional edge caches. Implement AWS Global Accelerator to route requests to the nearest Regional edge location. Enable S3 replication between the S3 bucket in us-east-1 and an S3 bucket in a different Region.

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Questions 81

A company has an application that runs on AWS Lambda and sends logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs. An Amazon Kinesis data stream is subscribed to the log groups in CloudWatch Logs. A single consumer Lambda function processes the logs from the data stream and stores the logs in an Amazon S3 bucket.

The company's DevOps team has noticed high latency during the processing and ingestion of some logs.

Which combination of steps will reduce the latency? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Create a data stream consumer with enhanced fan-out. Set the Lambda function that processes the logs as the consumer.

Increase the ParallelizationFactor setting in the Lambda event source mapping.

Configure reserved concurrency for the Lambda function that processes the logs.

Increase the batch size in the Kinesis data stream.

Turn off the ReportBatchltemFailures setting in the Lambda event source mapping.

Increase the number of shards in the Kinesis data stream.

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Answer:

A, B, C

Explanation:

The latency in processing and ingesting logs can be caused by several factors, such as the throughput of the Kinesis data stream, the concurrency of the Lambda function, and the configuration of the event source mapping. To reduce the latency, the following steps can be taken:

Create a data stream consumer with enhanced fan-out. Set the Lambda function that processes the logs as the consumer. This will allow the Lambda function to receive records from the data stream with dedicated throughput of up to 2 MB per second per shard, independent of other consumers1. This will reduce the contention and delay in accessing the data stream.

Increase the ParallelizationFactor setting in the Lambda event source mapping. This will allow the Lambda service to invoke more instances of the function concurrently to process the records from the data stream2. This will increase the processing capacity and reduce the backlog of records in the data stream.

Configure reserved concurrency for the Lambda function that processes the logs. This will ensure that the function has enough concurrency available to handle the increased load from the data stream3. This will prevent the function from being throttled by the account-level concurrency limit.

The other options are not effective or may have negative impacts on the latency. Option D is not suitable because increasing the batch size in the Kinesis data stream will increase the amount of data that the Lambda function has to process in each invocation, which may increase the execution time and latency4. Option E is not advisable because turning off the ReportBatchItemFailures setting in the Lambda event source mapping will prevent the Lambda service from retrying the failed records, which may result in data loss. Option F is not necessary because increasing the number of shards in the Kinesis data stream will increase the throughput of the data stream, but it will not affect the processing speed of the Lambda function, which is the bottleneck in this scenario.

1: Using AWS Lambda with Amazon Kinesis Data Streams - AWS Lambda

2: AWS Lambda event source mappings - AWS Lambda

3: Managing concurrency for a Lambda function - AWS Lambda

4: AWS Lambda function scaling - AWS Lambda

AWS Lambda event source mappings - AWS Lambda

Scaling Amazon Kinesis Data Streams with AWS CloudFormation - Amazon Kinesis Data Streams

Questions 82

A DevOps engineer is building an application that uses an AWS Lambda function to query an Amazon Aurora MySQL DB cluster. The Lambda function performs only read queries. Amazon EventBridge events invoke the Lambda function.

As more events invoke the Lambda function each second, the database's latency increases and the database's throughput decreases. The DevOps engineer needs to improve the performance of the application.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Use Amazon RDS Proxy to create a proxy. Connect the proxy to the Aurora cluster reader endpoint. Set a maximum connections percentage on the proxy.

Implement database connection pooling inside the Lambda code. Set a maximum number of connections on the database connection pool.

Implement the database connection opening outside the Lambda event handler code.

Implement the database connection opening and closing inside the Lambda event handler code.

Connect to the proxy endpoint from the Lambda function.

Connect to the Aurora cluster endpoint from the Lambda function.

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Answer:

A, C, E

Explanation:

Verified Answer: A, C, and E.

Short Explanation: To improve the performance of the application, the DevOps engineer should use Amazon RDS Proxy, implement the database connection opening outside the Lambda event handler code, and connect to the proxy endpoint from the Lambda function.

Amazon RDS Proxy is a fully managed, highly available database proxy for Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS) that makes applications more scalable, more resilient to database failures, and more secure1. By using Amazon RDS Proxy, the DevOps engineer can reduce the overhead of opening and closing connections to the database, which can improve latency and throughput2.

The DevOps engineer should connect the proxy to the Aurora cluster reader endpoint, which allows read-only connections to one of the Aurora Replicas in the DB cluster3. This can help balance the load across multiple read replicas and improve performance for read-intensive workloads4.

The DevOps engineer should implement the database connection opening outside the Lambda event handler code, which means using a global variable to store the database connection object5. This can enable connection reuse across multiple invocations of the Lambda function, which can reduce latency and improve performance.

The DevOps engineer should connect to the proxy endpoint from the Lambda function, which is a unique URL that represents the proxy. This can allow the Lambda function to access the database through the proxy, which can provide benefits such as connection pooling, load balancing, failover handling, and enhanced security.

The other options are incorrect because:

Implementing database connection pooling inside the Lambda code is unnecessary and redundant when using Amazon RDS Proxy, which already provides connection pooling as a service.

Implementing the database connection opening and closing inside the Lambda event handler code is inefficient and costly, as it can increase latency and consume more resources for each invocation of the Lambda function.

Connecting to the Aurora cluster endpoint from the Lambda function is not optimal for read-only queries, as it can direct traffic to either the primary instance or one of the Aurora Replicas in the DB cluster. This can result in inconsistent performance and potential conflicts with write operations on the primary instance.

Questions 83

An application runs on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). A DevOps engineer is using AWS CodeDeploy to release a new version. The deployment fails during the AlIowTraffic lifecycle event, but a cause for the failure is not indicated in the deployment logs.

What would cause this?

Options:

The appspec. yml file contains an invalid script that runs in the AllowTraffic lifecycle hook.

The user who initiated the deployment does not have the necessary permissions to interact with the ALB.

The health checks specified for the ALB target group are misconfigured.

The CodeDeploy agent was not installed in the EC2 instances that are pad of the ALB target group.

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Questions 84

A company uses Amazon RDS for all databases in Its AWS accounts The company uses AWS Control Tower to build a landing zone that has an audit and logging account All databases must be encrypted at rest for compliance reasons. The company's security engineer needs to receive notification about any noncompliant databases that are in the company's accounts

Which solution will meet these requirements with the MOST operational efficiency?

Options:

Use AWS Control Tower to activate the optional detective control (guardrail) to determine whether the RDS storage is encrypted Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic in the company's audit account. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to filter noncompliant events from the AWS Control Tower control (guardrail) to notify the SNS topic. Subscribe the security engineer's email address to the SNS topic

Use AWS Cloud Formation StackSets to deploy AWS Lambda functions to every account. Write the Lambda function code to determine whether the RDS storage is encrypted in the account the function is deployed to Send the findings as an Amazon CloudWatch metric to the management account Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic. Create a CloudWatch alarm that notifies the SNS topic when metric thresholds are met. Subscribe t

Create a custom AWS Config rule in every account to determine whether the RDS storage is encrypted Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic in the audit account Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to filter noncompliant events from the AWS Control Tower control (guardrail) to notify the SNS topic. Subscribe the security engineer's email address to the SNS topic

Launch an Amazon EC2 instance. Run an hourly cron job by using the AWS CLI to determine whether the RDS storage is encrypted in each AWS account Store the results in an RDS database. Notify the security engineer by sending email messages from the EC2 instance when noncompliance is detected

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AWS Certified Professional |

Exam Code: DOP-C02

Exam Name: AWS Certified DevOps Engineer - Professional

Last Update: Jun 15, 2025

Questions: 282

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