You are using Kubeflow Pipelines to develop an end-to-end PyTorch-based MLOps pipeline. The pipeline reads data from BigQuery,
processes the data, conducts feature engineering, model training, model evaluation, and deploys the model as a binary file to Cloud Storage. You are
writing code for several different versions of the feature engineering and model training steps, and running each new version in Vertex Al Pipelines.
Each pipeline run is taking over an hour to complete. You want to speed up the pipeline execution to reduce your development time, and you want to
avoid additional costs. What should you do?
You recently joined a machine learning team that will soon release a new project. As a lead on the project, you are asked to determine the production readiness of the ML components. The team has already tested features and data, model development, and infrastructure. Which additional readiness check should you recommend to the team?
You are responsible for building a unified analytics environment across a variety of on-premises data marts. Your company is experiencing data quality and security challenges when integrating data across the servers, caused by the use of a wide range of disconnected tools and temporary solutions. You need a fully managed, cloud-native data integration service that will lower the total cost of work and reduce repetitive work. Some members on your team prefer a codeless interface for building Extract, Transform, Load (ETL) process. Which service should you use?
You work for a gaming company that has millions of customers around the world. All games offer a chat feature that allows players to communicate with each other in real time. Messages can be typed in more than 20 languages and are translated in real time using the Cloud Translation API. You have been asked to build an ML system to moderate the chat in real time while assuring that the performance is uniform across the various languages and without changing the serving infrastructure.
You trained your first model using an in-house word2vec model for embedding the chat messages translated by the Cloud Translation API. However, the model has significant differences in performance across the different languages. How should you improve it?
You work for a large technology company that wants to modernize their contact center. You have been asked to develop a solution to classify incoming calls by product so that requests can be more quickly routed to the correct support team. You have already transcribed the calls using the Speech-to-Text API. You want to minimize data preprocessing and development time. How should you build the model?
You recently used XGBoost to train a model in Python that will be used for online serving Your model prediction service will be called by a backend service implemented in Golang running on a Google Kubemetes Engine (GKE) cluster Your model requires pre and postprocessing steps You need to implement the processing steps so that they run at serving time You want to minimize code changes and infrastructure maintenance and deploy your model into production as quickly as possible. What should you do?
You work for a company that provides an anti-spam service that flags and hides spam posts on social media platforms. Your company currently uses a list of 200,000 keywords to identify suspected spam posts. If a post contains more than a few of these keywords, the post is identified as spam. You want to start using machine learning to flag spam posts for human review. What is the main advantage of implementing machine learning for this business case?
You work for a pet food company that manages an online forum Customers upload photos of their pets on the forum to share with others About 20 photos are uploaded daily You want to automatically and in near real time detect whether each uploaded photo has an animal You want to prioritize time and minimize cost of your application development and deployment What should you do?
You are developing a mode! to detect fraudulent credit card transactions. You need to prioritize detection because missing even one fraudulent transaction could severely impact the credit card holder. You used AutoML to tram a model on users' profile information and credit card transaction data. After training the initial model, you notice that the model is failing to detect many fraudulent transactions. How should you adjust the training parameters in AutoML to improve model performance?
Choose 2 answers
You built and manage a production system that is responsible for predicting sales numbers. Model accuracy is crucial, because the production model is required to keep up with market changes. Since being deployed to production, the model hasn't changed; however the accuracy of the model has steadily deteriorated. What issue is most likely causing the steady decline in model accuracy?
You have trained a model by using data that was preprocessed in a batch Dataflow pipeline Your use case requires real-time inference. You want to ensure that the data preprocessing logic is applied consistently between training and serving. What should you do?
You manage a team of data scientists who use a cloud-based backend system to submit training jobs. This system has become very difficult to administer, and you want to use a managed service instead. The data scientists you work with use many different frameworks, including Keras, PyTorch, theano. Scikit-team, and custom libraries. What should you do?
You are an ML engineer in the contact center of a large enterprise. You need to build a sentiment analysis tool that predicts customer sentiment from recorded phone conversations. You need to identify the best approach to building a model while ensuring that the gender, age, and cultural differences of the customers who called the contact center do not impact any stage of the model development pipeline and results. What should you do?
You are developing an image recognition model using PyTorch based on ResNet50 architecture Your code is working fine on your local laptop on a small subsample. Your full dataset has 200k labeled images You want to quickly scale your training workload while minimizing cost. You plan to use 4 V100 GPUs What should you do?
You are an ML engineer at a bank that has a mobile application. Management has asked you to build an ML-based biometric authentication for the app that verifies a customer's identity based on their fingerprint. Fingerprints are considered highly sensitive personal information and cannot be downloaded and stored into the bank databases. Which learning strategy should you recommend to train and deploy this ML model?
You are building a real-time prediction engine that streams files which may contain Personally Identifiable Information (Pll) to Google Cloud. You want to use the Cloud Data Loss Prevention (DLP) API to scan the files. How should you ensure that the Pll is not accessible by unauthorized individuals?
You are working on a prototype of a text classification model in a managed Vertex AI Workbench notebook. You want to quickly experiment with tokenizing text by using a Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK) library. How should you add the library to your Jupyter kernel?
You are creating a social media app where pet owners can post images of their pets. You have one million user uploaded images with hashtags. You want to build a comprehensive system that recommends images to users that are similar in appearance to their own uploaded images.
What should you do?
One of your models is trained using data provided by a third-party data broker. The data broker does not reliably notify you of formatting changes in the data. You want to make your model training pipeline more robust to issues like this. What should you do?
You recently trained a XGBoost model that you plan to deploy to production for online inference Before sending a predict request to your model's binary you need to perform a simple data preprocessing step This step exposes a REST API that accepts requests in your internal VPC Service Controls and returns predictions You want to configure this preprocessing step while minimizing cost and effort What should you do?
You work for a company that is developing an application to help users with meal planning You want to use machine learning to scan a corpus of recipes and extract each ingredient (e g carrot, rice pasta) and each kitchen cookware (e.g. bowl, pot spoon) mentioned Each recipe is saved in an unstructured text file What should you do?
You are working on a classification problem with time series data and achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC ROC) value of 99% for training data after just a few experiments. You haven’t explored using any sophisticated algorithms or spent any time on hyperparameter tuning. What should your next step be to identify and fix the problem?
You have been asked to productionize a proof-of-concept ML model built using Keras. The model was trained in a Jupyter notebook on a data scientist’s local machine. The notebook contains a cell that performs data validation and a cell that performs model analysis. You need to orchestrate the steps contained in the notebook and automate the execution of these steps for weekly retraining. You expect much more training data in the future. You want your solution to take advantage of managed services while minimizing cost. What should you do?
You have developed an application that uses a chain of multiple scikit-learn models to predict the optimal price for your company's products. The workflow logic is shown in the diagram Members of your team use the individual models in other solution workflows. You want to deploy this workflow while ensuring version control for each individual model and the overall workflow Your application needs to be able to scale down to zero. You want to minimize the compute resource utilization and the manual effort required to manage this solution. What should you do?
You work for an advertising company and want to understand the effectiveness of your company's latest advertising campaign. You have streamed 500 MB of campaign data into BigQuery. You want to query the table, and then manipulate the results of that query with a pandas dataframe in an Al Platform notebook. What should you do?
You work for a gaming company that manages a popular online multiplayer game where teams with 6 players play against each other in 5-minute battles. There are many new players every day. You need to build a model that automatically assigns available players to teams in real time. User research indicates that the game is more enjoyable when battles have players with similar skill levels. Which business metrics should you track to measure your model’s performance? (Choose One Correct Answer)
You have trained a text classification model in TensorFlow using Al Platform. You want to use the trained model for batch predictions on text data stored in BigQuery while minimizing computational overhead. What should you do?
You work at a bank You have a custom tabular ML model that was provided by the bank's vendor. The training data is not available due to its sensitivity. The model is packaged as a Vertex Al Model serving container which accepts a string as input for each prediction instance. In each string the feature values are separated by commas. You want to deploy this model to production for online predictions, and monitor the feature distribution over time with minimal effort What should you do?
You developed a custom model by using Vertex Al to forecast the sales of your company s products based on historical transactional data You anticipate changes in the feature distributions and the correlations between the features in the near future You also expect to receive a large volume of prediction requests You plan to use Vertex Al Model Monitoring for drift detection and you want to minimize the cost. What should you do?
You have written unit tests for a Kubeflow Pipeline that require custom libraries. You want to automate the execution of unit tests with each new push to your development branch in Cloud Source Repositories. What should you do?
You are developing a custom image classification model in Python. You plan to run your training application on Vertex Al Your input dataset contains several hundred thousand small images You need to determine how to store and access the images for training. You want to maximize data throughput and minimize training time while reducing the amount of additional code. What should you do?
You have trained an XGBoost model that you plan to deploy on Vertex Al for online prediction. You are now uploading your model to Vertex Al Model Registry, and you need to configure the explanation method that will serve online prediction requests to be returned with minimal latency. You also want to be alerted when feature attributions of the model meaningfully change over time. What should you do?
Your organization's call center has asked you to develop a model that analyzes customer sentiments in each call. The call center receives over one million calls daily, and data is stored in Cloud Storage. The data collected must not leave the region in which the call originated, and no Personally Identifiable Information (Pll) can be stored or analyzed. The data science team has a third-party tool for visualization and access which requires a SQL ANSI-2011 compliant interface. You need to select components for data processing and for analytics. How should the data pipeline be designed?
Your organization manages an online message board A few months ago, you discovered an increase in toxic language and bullying on the message board. You deployed an automated text classifier that flags certain comments as toxic or harmful. Now some users are reporting that benign comments referencing their religion are being misclassified as abusive Upon further inspection, you find that your classifier's false positive rate is higher for comments that reference certain underrepresented religious groups. Your team has a limited budget and is already overextended. What should you do?
You are developing an ML model using a dataset with categorical input variables. You have randomly split half of the data into training and test sets. After applying one-hot encoding on the categorical variables in the training set, you discover that one categorical variable is missing from the test set. What should you do?
You work for a retail company that is using a regression model built with BigQuery ML to predict product sales. This model is being used to serve online predictions Recently you developed a new version of the model that uses a different architecture (custom model) Initial analysis revealed that both models are performing as expected You want to deploy the new version of the model to production and monitor the performance over the next two months You need to minimize the impact to the existing and future model users How should you deploy the model?
You are training a TensorFlow model on a structured data set with 100 billion records stored in several CSV files. You need to improve the input/output execution performance. What should you do?
You work on a growing team of more than 50 data scientists who all use Al Platform. You are designing a strategy to organize your jobs, models, and versions in a clean and scalable way. Which strategy should you choose?
You are training an object detection model using a Cloud TPU v2. Training time is taking longer than expected. Based on this simplified trace obtained with a Cloud TPU profile, what action should you take to decrease training time in a cost-efficient way?
You are developing a process for training and running your custom model in production. You need to be able to show lineage for your model and predictions. What should you do?
You work for a semiconductor manufacturing company. You need to create a real-time application that automates the quality control process High-definition images of each semiconductor are taken at the end of the assembly line in real time. The photos are uploaded to a Cloud Storage bucket along with tabular data that includes each semiconductor's batch number serial number dimensions, and weight You need to configure model training and serving while maximizing model accuracy. What should you do?
You are working on a Neural Network-based project. The dataset provided to you has columns with different ranges. While preparing the data for model training, you discover that gradient optimization is having difficulty moving weights to a good solution. What should you do?
You work for a credit card company and have been asked to create a custom fraud detection model based on historical data using AutoML Tables. You need to prioritize detection of fraudulent transactions while minimizing false positives. Which optimization objective should you use when training the model?
You work for a hospital that wants to optimize how it schedules operations. You need to create a model that uses the relationship between the number of surgeries scheduled and beds used You want to predict how many beds will be needed for patients each day in advance based on the scheduled surgeries You have one year of data for the hospital organized in 365 rows
The data includes the following variables for each day
• Number of scheduled surgeries
• Number of beds occupied
• Date
You want to maximize the speed of model development and testing What should you do?
You are developing an ML model intended to classify whether X-Ray images indicate bone fracture risk. You have trained on Api Resnet architecture on Vertex AI using a TPU as an accelerator, however you are unsatisfied with the trainning time and use memory usage. You want to quickly iterate your training code but make minimal changes to the code. You also want to minimize impact on the models accuracy. What should you do?
You work for a magazine distributor and need to build a model that predicts which customers will renew their subscriptions for the upcoming year. Using your company’s historical data as your training set, you created a TensorFlow model and deployed it to AI Platform. You need to determine which customer attribute has the most predictive power for each prediction served by the model. What should you do?
You work on the data science team for a multinational beverage company. You need to develop an ML model to predict the company’s profitability for a new line of naturally flavored bottled waters in different locations. You are provided with historical data that includes product types, product sales volumes, expenses, and profits for all regions. What should you use as the input and output for your model?
You are developing a custom TensorFlow classification model based on tabular data. Your raw data is stored in BigQuery contains hundreds of millions of rows, and includes both categorical and numerical features. You need to use a MaxMin scaler on some numerical features, and apply a one-hot encoding to some categorical features such as SKU names. Your model will be trained over multiple epochs. You want to minimize the effort and cost of your solution. What should you do?
Your work for a textile manufacturing company. Your company has hundreds of machines and each machine has many sensors. Your team used the sensory data to build hundreds of ML models that detect machine anomalies Models are retrained daily and you need to deploy these models in a cost-effective way. The models must operate 24/7 without downtime and make sub millisecond predictions. What should you do?
You work on a data science team at a bank and are creating an ML model to predict loan default risk. You have collected and cleaned hundreds of millions of records worth of training data in a BigQuery table, and you now want to develop and compare multiple models on this data using TensorFlow and Vertex AI. You want to minimize any bottlenecks during the data ingestion state while considering scalability. What should you do?
You are an ML engineer responsible for designing and implementing training pipelines for ML models. You need to create an end-to-end training pipeline for a TensorFlow model. The TensorFlow model will be trained on several terabytes of structured data. You need the pipeline to include data quality checks before training and model quality checks after training but prior to deployment. You want to minimize development time and the need for infrastructure maintenance. How should you build and orchestrate your training pipeline?
While running a model training pipeline on Vertex Al, you discover that the evaluation step is failing because of an out-of-memory error. You are currently using TensorFlow Model Analysis (TFMA) with a standard Evaluator TensorFlow Extended (TFX) pipeline component for the evaluation step. You want to stabilize the pipeline without downgrading the evaluation quality while minimizing infrastructure overhead. What should you do?
You are profiling the performance of your TensorFlow model training time and notice a performance issue caused by inefficiencies in the input data pipeline for a single 5 terabyte CSV file dataset on Cloud Storage. You need to optimize the input pipeline performance. Which action should you try first to increase the efficiency of your pipeline?
You recently trained an XGBoost model on tabular data You plan to expose the model for internal use as an HTTP microservice After deployment you expect a small number of incoming requests. You want to productionize the model with the least amount of effort and latency. What should you do?
You are developing a model to help your company create more targeted online advertising campaigns. You need to create a dataset that you will use to train the model. You want to avoid creating or reinforcing unfair bias in the model. What should you do?
Choose 2 answers
You are an ML engineer at a regulated insurance company. You are asked to develop an insurance approval model that accepts or rejects insurance applications from potential customers. What factors should you consider before building the model?
You are building a TensorFlow text-to-image generative model by using a dataset that contains billions of images with their respective captions. You want to create a low maintenance, automated workflow that reads the data from a Cloud Storage bucket collects statistics, splits the dataset into training/validation/test datasets performs data transformations, trains the model using the training/validation datasets. and validates the model by using the test dataset. What should you do?
You are building a custom image classification model and plan to use Vertex Al Pipelines to implement the end-to-end training. Your dataset consists of images that need to be preprocessed before they can be used to train the model. The preprocessing steps include resizing the images, converting them to grayscale, and extracting features. You have already implemented some Python functions for the preprocessing tasks. Which components should you use in your pipeline'?
You work for a biotech startup that is experimenting with deep learning ML models based on properties of biological organisms. Your team frequently works on early-stage experiments with new architectures of ML models, and writes custom TensorFlow ops in C++. You train your models on large datasets and large batch sizes. Your typical batch size has 1024 examples, and each example is about 1 MB in size. The average size of a network with all weights and embeddings is 20 GB. What hardware should you choose for your models?
You have created a Vertex Al pipeline that automates custom model training You want to add a pipeline component that enables your team to most easily collaborate when running different executions and comparing metrics both visually and programmatically. What should you do?
You work for a retail company. You have been tasked with building a model to determine the probability of churn for each customer. You need the predictions to be interpretable so the results can be used to develop marketing campaigns that target at-risk customers. What should you do?
You lead a data science team at a large international corporation. Most of the models your team trains are large-scale models using high-level TensorFlow APIs on AI Platform with GPUs. Your team usually
takes a few weeks or months to iterate on a new version of a model. You were recently asked to review your team’s spending. How should you reduce your Google Cloud compute costs without impacting the model’s performance?
Your team frequently creates new ML models and runs experiments. Your team pushes code to a single repository hosted on Cloud Source Repositories. You want to create a continuous integration pipeline that automatically retrains the models whenever there is any modification of the code. What should be your first step to set up the CI pipeline?
You need to design an architecture that serves asynchronous predictions to determine whether a particular mission-critical machine part will fail. Your system collects data from multiple sensors from the machine. You want to build a model that will predict a failure in the next N minutes, given the average of each sensor’s data from the past 12 hours. How should you design the architecture?
You are developing an ML model to predict house prices. While preparing the data, you discover that an important predictor variable, distance from the closest school, is often missing and does not have high variance. Every instance (row) in your data is important. How should you handle the missing data?
You have developed an AutoML tabular classification model that identifies high-value customers who interact with your organization's website.
You plan to deploy the model to a new Vertex Al endpoint that will integrate with your website application. You expect higher traffic to the website during
nights and weekends. You need to configure the model endpoint's deployment settings to minimize latency and cost. What should you do?
Your team has been tasked with creating an ML solution in Google Cloud to classify support requests for one of your platforms. You analyzed the requirements and decided to use TensorFlow to build the classifier so that you have full control of the model's code, serving, and deployment. You will use Kubeflow pipelines for the ML platform. To save time, you want to build on existing resources and use managed services instead of building a completely new model. How should you build the classifier?
You are developing ML models with Al Platform for image segmentation on CT scans. You frequently update your model architectures based on the newest available research papers, and have to rerun training on the same dataset to benchmark their performance. You want to minimize computation costs and manual intervention while having version control for your code. What should you do?
You have recently trained a scikit-learn model that you plan to deploy on Vertex Al. This model will support both online and batch prediction. You need to preprocess input data for model inference. You want to package the model for deployment while minimizing additional code What should you do?
You are developing a Kubeflow pipeline on Google Kubernetes Engine. The first step in the pipeline is to issue a query against BigQuery. You plan to use the results of that query as the input to the next step in your pipeline. You want to achieve this in the easiest way possible. What should you do?
You work for a retail company. You have created a Vertex Al forecast model that produces monthly item sales predictions. You want to quickly create a report that will help to explain how the model calculates the predictions. You have one month of recent actual sales data that was not included in the training dataset. How should you generate data for your report?
You are collaborating on a model prototype with your team. You need to create a Vertex Al Workbench environment for the members of your team and also limit access to other employees in your project. What should you do?
You are analyzing customer data for a healthcare organization that is stored in Cloud Storage. The data contains personally identifiable information (PII) You need to perform data exploration and preprocessing while ensuring the security and privacy of sensitive fields What should you do?
You want to rebuild your ML pipeline for structured data on Google Cloud. You are using PySpark to conduct data transformations at scale, but your pipelines are taking over 12 hours to run. To speed up development and pipeline run time, you want to use a serverless tool and SQL syntax. You have already moved your raw data into Cloud Storage. How should you build the pipeline on Google Cloud while meeting the speed and processing requirements?
You are deploying a new version of a model to a production Vertex Al endpoint that is serving traffic You plan to direct all user traffic to the new model You need to deploy the model with minimal disruption to your application What should you do?
You are designing an ML recommendation model for shoppers on your company's ecommerce website. You will use Recommendations Al to build, test, and deploy your system. How should you develop recommendations that increase revenue while following best practices?
You work for an online publisher that delivers news articles to over 50 million readers. You have built an AI model that recommends content for the company’s weekly newsletter. A recommendation is considered successful if the article is opened within two days of the newsletter’s published date and the user remains on the page for at least one minute.
All the information needed to compute the success metric is available in BigQuery and is updated hourly. The model is trained on eight weeks of data, on average its performance degrades below the acceptable baseline after five weeks, and training time is 12 hours. You want to ensure that the model’s performance is above the acceptable baseline while minimizing cost. How should you monitor the model to determine when retraining is necessary?
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