220-1102 CompTIA A+ Certification Core 2 Exam Questions and Answers

The scenario described is characteristic of a malware tactic known as scareware, where users are tricked into installing malware through false alerts claiming that their system is infected. The anti-malware software installed in response to a pop-up is likely malicious, causing the system to run slowly and display frequent pop-ups.

Preserving chain of custody is a concept that refers to the documentation and tracking of who handled, accessed, modified, or transferred a piece of evidence, when, where, why, and how. Preserving chain of custody can help establish the authenticity, integrity, and reliability of the evidence, as well as prevent tampering, alteration, or loss of the evidence. An administrator who documented the movement of the evidence demonstrated the concept of preserving chain of custody. Implementing data protection policies, informing law enforcement, and creating a summary of the incident are not concepts that describe the action of documenting the movement of the evidence.

MSRA (Microsoft Remote Assistance) is a remote access technology that allows a technician to establish a session with a user who has a Windows workstation. The session allows for simultaneous viewing of the workstation by both the user and technician, as well as remote control and file transfer capabilities. RDP (remote desktop protocol) is another remote access technology, but it does not allow simultaneous viewing by default. VPN (virtual private network) and SSH (secure shell) are protocols that create secure tunnels between two devices over the internet, but they do not allow remote access sessions. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/what-is-msra https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

 Mission Control is the macOS feature that provides the user with a high-level view of all open windows. Mission Control allows the user to see and switch between multiple desktops, full-screen apps, and windows in a single screen. Mission Control can be accessed by swiping up with three or four fingers on the trackpad, pressing F3 on the keyboard, or moving the cursor to a hot corner

Although updating the anti-malware software and running scans are important steps in removing malware, they may not be sufficient to permanently remove the malware if the user keeps engaging in behaviors that leave the system vulnerable, such as downloading unknown files or visiting malicious websites. Therefore, educating the user on safe computing practices is the best way to prevent future infections and permanently remove the malware.

Enabling System Restore, Booting into safe mode, and scheduling a scan are not the most efficient ways to permanently remove the malware. Enabling System Restore and Booting into safe mode may help in some cases, but they may not be sufficient to permanently remove the malware. Scheduling a scan is also important for detecting and removing malware, but it may not be sufficient to prevent future infections.

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The technician should use devmgmt.msc tool to make adjustments for the touchpad issue after Windows installed updates on a laptop. Devmgmt.msc is a command that opens the Device Manager, which is a utility that allows users to view and manage the hardware devices and drivers installed on a computer. The technician can use the Device Manager to check the status, properties and compatibility of the touchpad device and its driver, and perform actions such as updating, uninstalling or reinstalling the driver, enabling or disabling the device, or scanning for hardware changes. Eventvwr.msc is a command that opens the Event Viewer, which is a utility that allows users to view and monitor the system logs and events. The Event Viewer may provide some information or clues about the touchpad issue, but it does not allow users to manage or troubleshoot the device or its driver directly. Perfmon.msc is a command that opens the Performance Monitor, which is a utility that allows users to measure and analyze the performance of the system

The risks in running this script are that the deployment script is performing unknown actions. Running the script blindly could cause unintended actions, such as deploying malware or deleting important files, which could negatively impact the organization’s network and data1.

Disk encryption should be used to secure the workstation in case of theft. Disk encryption can help to protect data on the hard drive by encrypting it so that it cannot be accessed without the correct encryption key.

Verifying warranty status with the vendor is the most logical next step in the remediation process after determining that a motherboard has failed. A warranty is a guarantee from the vendor that covers the repair or replacement of defective or faulty products within a specified period of time. Verifying warranty status with the vendor can help the technician determine if the motherboard is eligible for warranty service and what steps to take to obtain it. Escalating the issue to Tier 2, replacing the motherboard, and purchasing another PC are not the most logical next steps in the remediation process.

The GPS application contains malware. The third-party GPS application is likely the cause of the slow performance of the phone. The application may contain malware that is using up system resources and slowing down the phone. The user should uninstall the application and run a malware scan on the phone1

The error message is indicating that the script is not associated with any program on the computer that can open and run it. This means that the script requires a runtime environment, such as Python, to be installed in order for it to execute properly. Without the appropriate runtime environment, the script will not be able to run.

Journaling is a feature that helps maintain the integrity of the filesystem by keeping a record of changes not yet committed to the main file system. This feature is supported by various filesystems, but not all.

Option A: NTFSNTFS (New Technology File System) is a filesystem used by Windows that supports journaling. This makes it resilient to corruption from unexpected shutdowns or crashes by keeping a log of file changes.

Option B: exFATexFAT (Extended File Allocation Table) does not support journaling. It is optimized for flash drives and large files but lacks advanced features like journaling.

Option C: HFSHFS (Hierarchical File System) is an older filesystem used by Apple. HFS+ (also known as Mac OS Extended) supports journaling, but HFS itself does not.

Option D: ext2ext2 (Second Extended File System) is a filesystem for Linux that does not support journaling. Its successor, ext3, introduced journaling.

The Network and Sharing Center in the Control Panel is the central place to manage network connections and settings in Windows. When facing issues with accessing a mapped drive, this utility allows users to review and adjust network settings, making it possible to resolve connectivity problems. It provides options to view network status, set up new connections, change adapter settings, and troubleshoot network problems, which can help in enabling connectivity to the mapped drive on the Windows XP machine.

In Windows 10, there are privacy settings that control access to certain devices, such as microphones, cameras, and other input devices. If the microphone is not enabled under these privacy settings, the VoIP application may not have access to it, causing a lack of outgoing audio.

The technician can go to the Windows 10 Settings menu, select the Privacy submenu, and under App permissions, select Microphone. The technician should then turn on the toggle switch for the VoIP application to allow it to access the microphone.

Removing the microphone from the USB hub and plugging it directly into a USB port on the PC may or may not solve the issue, as the issue could be related to the privacy settings. Deleting the microphone from Device Manager and scanning for new hardware may also not solve the issue, as the issue could be related to the privacy settings. Replacing the USB microphone with one that uses a traditional 3.5mm plug is not recommended, as it would require purchasing a new microphone and may not solve the issue.

A keylogger is a type of malware that captures user input, such as keystrokes, mouse clicks, and clipboard data, and sends it to a malicious actor. Keyloggers can be used to steal passwords, credit card numbers, personal information, and other sensitive data.

One of the most important environmental concerns inside a data center is the level of humidity. High levels of humidity can cause condensation, which can result in corrosion of components and other equipment. Low levels of humidity can cause static electricity to build up, potentially leading to electrostatic discharge (ESD) and damage to components. Therefore, it is crucial to maintain a relative humidity range of 40-60% in a data center to protect the equipment and ensure proper operation.

The technician should disable the user’s access to the device’s command shell. This will prevent the user from accessing sensitive data and will help to prevent further data leaks. The technician should then investigate the unapproved application to determine if it is the cause of the data leak. If the application is found to be the cause of the leak, the technician should uninstall the application and restore the device to factory settings. If the application is not the cause of the leak, the technician should investigate further to determine the cause of the leak. Disabling the ability to install applications from unknown sources can help to prevent future data leaks, but it is not the next step the technician should take in this scenario. Ensuring the device is connected to the corporate WiFi network is not relevant to this scenario1

The Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) is a set of security standards designed to ensure that ALL companies that accept, process, store or transmit credit card information maintain a secure environment.

Use the application at home and contact the vendor regarding a corporate license. The user should use the application only on the home laptop because it contains the initial license. The user should contact the vendor regarding a corporate license if they want to use the application on multiple computers on the corporate network1

Detailed Explanation with Core 2 References:Bollards are physical barriers that prevent unauthorized vehicle access to certain areas, providing a preventive measure against unauthorized entry and potential threats. Bollards are classified as a preventive control because they act to deter or block physical access to secured locations, as opposed to video surveillance or alarm systems, which are typically used for detection and monitoring. Core 2 highlights the importance of implementing various physical security controls to protect assets and infrastructure (Core 2 Objective 2.1)​.

Smart card and password is an example of two-factor authentication (2FA), not multi-factor authentication (MFA). MFA requires two or more authentication factors. Smart card and password is an example of two-factor authentication (2FA)2

To exclude an application folder from being cataloged by a Windows 10 search, the technician should use the Indexing Options utility1

To accomplish this task, the technician should use a Full backup method1

A full backup only requires two sets of tapes to restore because it backs up all the data from the workstation. With a differential backup, the backups need to be taken multiple times over a period of time, so more tapes would be needed to restore the data1

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When a user reports that their workstation is behaving strangely after opening a suspicious email, the first step a technician should take is to run a virus scan on the computer. This is because opening a suspicious email is a common way for viruses and malware to infect a computer. Running a virus scan can help identify and remove any infections that may be causing the computer to behave strangely.

The file type that the technician will MOST likely use when installing new software on a macOS computer is .app. This is because .app is the file extension for applications on macOS1.

A firewall is a security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. In this scenario, the user is concerned about an installed application transmitting data in the background, so a firewall would be the best solution to address their concern. By installing and configuring a firewall, the user can block unauthorized connections to and from the device, and receive alerts whenever an application tries to access the internet.

The systems administrator should clear the application cache12

If clearing the application cache does not work, the systems administrator should uninstall and reinstall the application12

Resetting the phone to factory settings is not necessary at this point12

Installing an alternative application with similar functionality is not necessary at this point12

The most effective method for dealing with spam messages in a small business is to provide user training1. Users should be trained to recognize spam messages and avoid opening them1. They should also be trained to report spam messages to the IT department so that appropriate action can be taken1. In addition, users should be trained to avoid clicking on links or downloading attachments from unknown sources1. By providing user training, the management team can reduce the risk of users opening spam messages and potentially infecting the network systems1.

The 32-bit operating system can only run 32-bit applications, so the technician should execute the 32-bit installer. The “x86” in the file name refers to the 32-bit architecture. 

https://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/32-bit-vs-64-bit-operating-systems/

The filesystem that is supported by both Macs and Windows PCs is D. exFAT. exFAT is a file system that is designed to be used on flash drives like USB sticks and SD cards. It is supported by both Macs and Windows PCs, and it can handle large files and volumes

https://www.diskpart.com/articles/file-system-for-mac-and-windows-0310.html

change management process can help ensure that owners are notified of changes being made and can monitor them for performance impact (A). This can help prevent unexpected issues from arising.

An EULA (End-User License Agreement) is a legally binding contract between a software supplier and a customer or end-user, generally made available to the customer via a retailer acting as an intermediary. A EULA specifies in detail the rights and restrictions which apply to the use of the software. Some of the main terms included in an EULA are the terms and scope of the license, any licensing fees, warranties and disclaimers, limitation of liability, revocation or termination of the license, and intellectual property information and restrictions on using the license (e.g. modification and copying)1

https://www.termsfeed.com/blog/eula-vs-terms-conditions/

Open Settings, select System, select Display, and change the Scale and layout setting to a higher percentage123

The technician should guide the user to update Windows through the built-in "Check for Updates" feature. This can be done by having the user click in the Search field, type "Check for Updates", and then press the Enter key. This will bring up the Windows Update function, which will search for any available updates and give the user the option to install them.

"The user thought the company-provided antivirus software would prevent this issue."

The most likely steps to resolve the issue are to deploy an ad-blocking extension to the browser and perform a reset on the user’s web browser. Ad-blocking extensions can help to prevent pop-ups and other unwanted content from appearing in the browser, and resetting the browser can help to remove any malicious extensions or settings that may be causing the issue.

Since the systems administrator has validated that the workstation functions normally and other users operate on the same workstation without any issues, the next step should be to rebuild the user’s profile. This will ensure that any corrupted files or settings are removed and the user’s profile is restored to its default state.

The two safety procedures that would best protect the components in the PC are:

Utilizing an ESD strap

Placing the PSU in an antistatic bag

https://www.professormesser.com/free-a-plus-training/220-902/computer-safety-procedures-2/

https://www.skillsoft.com/course/comptia-a-core-2-safety-procedures-environmental-impacts-cbdf0f2c-61c0-4f4a-a659-dc98f1f00158

The technician should add the update site to the client’s exceptions list to bypass the proxy. This can be done through the client’s web browser settings, where the proxy settings can be configured. By adding the update site to the exceptions list, the client will be able to access the site and download the software update.

Badge readers are used to implement secure physical access to a data center. They are used to read the identification information on an employee’s badge and grant access to the data center if the employee is authorized2.

 This system requires individuals to have an access badge that contains their identification information or a unique code that can be scanned by a reader. After the badge is scanned, the system compares the information on the badge with the authorized personnel database to authenticate if the individual has the required clearance to enter that area. The other options listed, such as a geofence, alarm system, or motion sensor are security measures that may be used in conjunction with badge readers, but do not provide identification and authentication features.

The process of documenting who had possession of evidence at every step of the process is called chain of custody

https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/difference-32-bit-64-bit-windows/

 After upgrading from a 32-bit Windows OS to a 64-bit OS, the company will be able to fully take advantage of the RAM of the computer. This is because a 64-bit operating system is able to use larger amounts of RAM compared to a 32-bit operating system, which may benefit the system’s overall performance if it has more than 4GB of RAM installed 

This is the most effective way to selectively prevent programs from loading on a Windows 10 machine. The Startup tab can be accessed by opening Task Manager and then selecting the Startup tab. From there, the technician can methodically disable items that are currently listed as enabled, reboot the machine, and check for issue resolution at each startup. If the issue persists, the technician can then move on to disabling the next item on the list.

exFAT is a file system that is supported by both Linux and Windows and can handle large files1.

The incident handler should clone any impacted hard drives to preserve evidence for possible litigation1

To confirm whether a network printer has connectivity issues, the technician should use:

ping: This command checks the connectivity to the printer by sending packets and measuring the response time. It helps determine if the printer is reachable on the network.

netstat: Provides statistics and current network connections but does not directly confirm connectivity to a specific device.

net: Used for network resources management but not specifically for checking connectivity.

nslookup: Used for querying DNS to obtain domain name or IP address mapping, not for checking connectivity.

EFS (Encrypting File System) is a feature of Windows that provides filesystem-level encryption. It is designed to encrypt files and folders to protect them from unauthorized access, even if an attacker has physical access to the computer.

ext: A filesystem type used primarily in Linux, without native encryption features for Windows.

APFS: Apple's filesystem, used in macOS and iOS.

FAT: A simple filesystem type with no encryption features.

EFS: The correct choice for a Windows user needing to encrypt data at the filesystem level to protect against unauthorized physical access.

For scripted network installations requiring new SSDs and keeping HDDs as backup, the necessary tools are: 'net use' to connect to network shares, 'robocopy' to copy files efficiently from the network share to the local drive, and 'diskpart' to manage disk partitions, including initializing and formatting the new SSD. The other options are not relevant to the installation process as described.

RADIUS stands for Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service and it is a protocol that provides centralized authentication, authorization, and accounting for network access. RADIUS can be used to implement a method of wireless security that requires both a user and the user’s computer to be in specific managed groups on the server in order to connect to Wi-Fi. This is also known as 802.1X authentication or EAP-TLS authentication

The best filesystem format to ensure read and write compatibility of USB flash drives across several generations of Microsoft operating systems is FAT32. FAT32 stands for File Allocation Table 32-bit and is a filesystem format that organizes and manages files and folders on storage devices using 32-bit clusters. FAT32 is compatible with most Microsoft operating systems since Windows 95 OSR2, as well as other operating systems such as Linux and Mac OS X. FAT32 can support storage devices up to 2TB in size and files up to 4GB in size. APFS stands for Apple File System and is a filesystem format that organizes and manages files and folders on storage devices using encryption, snapshots and cloning features. APFS is compatible with Mac OS X 10.13 High Sierra and later versions but not with Microsoft operating systems natively. Ext4 stands for Fourth Extended File System and is a filesystem format that organizes and manages files and folders on storage devices using journaling, extents and delayed allocation features. Ext4 is compatible with Linux operating systems but not with Microsoft operating systems natively.

The error message “Your connection is not private. Authority invalid.” means that the web browser cannot verify the identity or security of the website’s SSL certificate. This could indicate that the website has been compromised, has a configuration error, or has an expired or invalid certificate. The user should not proceed to the site or use a different browser, as this could expose their sensitive information to potential attackers. The user should also not reinstall the browser, as this is unlikely to fix the error and could cause data loss. The best action for the user to take is to report the error to the bank and wait for them to resolve it.

 An evil twin is a type of social-engineering attack that involves setting up a rogue wireless access point that mimics a legitimate one. The attacker can then intercept or modify the traffic of the users who connect to the fake SSID. The attacker may also use phishing or malware to steal credentials or personal information from the users

Screen lock is a feature that returns a computer to the login screen after a period of inactivity, requiring the user to enter their credentials to resume their session. Screen lock can be configured using Group Policy settings, such as Screen saver timeout and Interactive logon: Machine inactivity limit. Screen lock can help prevent unauthorized access to a computer when the user is away from their desk. Login times are not a feature that returns a computer to the login screen, but a measure of how long it takes for a user to log in to a system. User permission is not a feature that returns a computer to the login screen, but a set of rights and privileges that determine what a user can do on a system. Login lockout attempts are not a feature that returns a computer to the login screen, but a security policy that locks out a user account after a number of failed login attempts.  https://woshub.com/windows-lock-screen-after-idle-via-gpo/

 Bringing the device within Bluetooth range is the best way to troubleshoot the issue of inconsistent audio when using wireless headphones and moving around. Bluetooth is a wireless technology that allows devices to communicate over short distances, typically up to 10 meters or 33 feet. If the device is too far from the headphones, the Bluetooth signal may be weak or interrupted, resulting in poor audio quality or loss of connection.

An access control list (ACL) is a list of permissions associated with a system resource (object), such as a website. An ACL specifies which users or system processes are granted access to objects, as well as what operations are allowed on given objects1. A systems administrator can create an ACL to define the list of websites that users are allowed to access.

Network drives can be automatically mapped for users based on Group Policy configuration using log-in scripts. Here’s how it works:

Log-in scripts: These are scripts executed when a user logs in to a domain. They can be configured through Group Policy in Active Directory to map network drives automatically. The scripts can use commands like net use to map drives.

Access control lists (ACLs): While ACLs control permissions for files and folders, they do not automatically map network drives.

Organizational units (OUs): OUs are used to organize users and computers in a directory structure but do not map drives.

Folder redirection: This redirects the path of a folder to a new location, typically on a network share, but it does not automatically map drives.

Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:

PXE (Preboot Execution Environment) allows a computer to boot from a network server and install a system image remotely. It is commonly used for large-scale deployments because it eliminates the need for physical installation media.

A. ISO – Incorrect. ISO files are used for manual installations, but they do not automate network deployments.

B. Secure – Incorrect. There is no "secure boot process" option for automated deployments. Secure Boot is a security feature.

C. USB – Incorrect. USB boot requires manual installation on each device, making it inefficient for mass deployment.

The user should configure extensions/add-ins. Since the issue involves a browser plug-in, checking if the extension or add-in is enabled or properly configured can resolve the issue. If the plug-in is disabled, the OTP prompt will not appear as expected.

The most effective way to check other machines on the network for this unknown threat is to manually check each machine. This can help to identify any other machines that may be infected with the unknown virus and allow them to be cleaned.

https://www.educba.com/shell-scripting-in-linux/

The laptop has an additional option under power and sleep settings that desktops do not have. Switching to do nothing prevents the screen from turning off when closed.

The feature that BEST addresses the user’s concern is remote wipe. This is because remote wipe allows the user to erase all data on the mobile device if it is lost or stolen, which will prevent unauthorized access to the device1.

The technician should update the browser’s CRLs first. The error message indicates that the certificate revocation list (CRL) is not up to date. Updating the CRLs will ensure that the browser can verify the authenticity of the bank’s website.

 BitLocker is only available on Windows 10 Pro, Enterprise, and Education editions1. Therefore, the technician is unable to find the BitLocker Drive Encryption menu item in Control Panel because it is not included in the Windows 10 Home edition1.

Chrome OS provides a lightweight option for workstations that need an easy-to-use browser-based interface1

The smartphone’s line was not provisioned with a data plan. The user is unable to use any internet-related functions on the smartphone when it is not connected to Wi-Fi because the smartphone’s line was not provisioned with a data plan. The user can send and receive text messages and phone calls when the smartphone is not connected to Wi-Fi because these functions do not require an internet connection1

When a user experiences unexpected or erratic behavior while browsing the internet, it could be caused by the DNS servers. DNS translates human-readable domain names (like google.com) into IP addresses, which computers can use to communicate with web servers. If the DNS servers are not functioning correctly or have been compromised, it can result in the browser being redirected to unintended websites.

The error message indicates that the security certificate presented by the website has either expired or is not yet valid. This can happen if the computer's clock has the wrong date or time, as SSL/TLS certificates have a specific validity period. If the clock is off by too much, it may cause the certificate to fail to validate. Therefore, the technician should check the computer's date and time and ensure that they are correct.

The technician should instruct the user to clear the browser cache and contact the bank (option A). This error indicates that the website the user is visiting is not the correct website and is likely due to a cached version of the website being stored in the user's browser. Clearing the browser cache should remove any stored versions of the website and allow the user to access the correct website. The user should also contact the bank to confirm that they are visiting the correct website and to report the error.

Saving software to an external hard drive and installing it on each individual PC is the most inefficient method for the small business owner. This method requires manual intervention on each PC, and there is a higher risk of error or inconsistencies between PCs. Additionally, if the software needs to be updated or reinstalled in the future, this process would need to be repeated on each PC.

 The company is experiencing a distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack. A DDoS attack is a type of cyber attack in which multiple compromised systems are used to target a single system, causing a denial of service for users of the targeted system.

The new laptop was set up with the static IP it needs to connect to the software. The old desktop is still configured with that IP, hence the conflict.

Changing the network channel is the best solution to minimize the issue of employees and patients not being the only people on the Wi-Fi network5

The strongest wireless configuration is B. WPA3. WPA3 is the most up-to-date wireless encryption protocol and is the most secure choice. It replaces PSK with SAE, a more secure way to do the initial key exchange. At the same time, the session key size of WPA3 increases to 128-bit in WPA3-Personal mode and 192-bit in WPA3-Enterprise, which makes the password harder to crack than the previous Wi-Fi security standards

https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/wep-wpa-wpa2-wpa3-explained/

The account access level the user will need to access advanced features and configuration settings for several applications while adhering to corporate policy requiring a least privilege environment is a standard account. This is because a standard account allows the user to access advanced features and configuration settings for several applications while adhering to corporate policy requiring a least privilege environment1.

The most cost-effective version of Windows 10 that allows remote access through Remote Desktop is Windows 10 Pro. Windows 10 Pro includes Remote Desktop, which allows users to connect to a remote computer and access its desktop, files, and applications. Windows 10 Home does not include Remote Desktop, while Windows 10 Pro for Workstations and Windows 10 Enterprise are more expensive versions of Windows 10 that include additional features for businesses

The technician should use afc to transfer a large number of files over an unreliable connection and be able to resume the process if the connection is interrupted1

A battery backup, also known as an uninterruptible power supply (UPS), is a device that provides backup power during a power outage. When the power goes out, the battery backup provides a short amount of time (usually a few minutes up to an hour, depending on the capacity of the device) to save any work and safely shut down the equipment.

A system image is a complete snapshot of everything on a device's storage at a given point in time, including the operating system, installed programs, system settings, and all user files. This method is the best way to back up the OS and data comprehensively because it allows for the restoration of a system to its exact state at the time the image was taken. This is particularly useful in disaster recovery scenarios where it's crucial to restore a system quickly and efficiently to minimize downtime.

Time Machine is a backup feature available in macOS that automatically makes hourly backups for the past 24 hours, daily backups for the past month, and weekly backups for all previous months to an external drive or NAS. It allows users to recover the entire system or specific files from any point in time, ensuring access to multiple versions of files. This feature is particularly useful for reverting to earlier versions of a document or recovering a file that has been accidentally deleted or altered. The other options, such as Multiple Desktops, Remote Disc, and FileVault, do not provide versioning capabilities for file access.

For issues related to constant, unwanted pop-ups and browser window problems, a careful approach that minimizes impact to the user's data and productivity is advisable:

Perform a full-system, antivirus scan: This step involves using antivirus software to scan the entire system for malware or adware that might be causing the pop-ups and browser issues.

Check browser notifications: Some unwanted pop-ups may result from browser notification permissions inadvertently granted to malicious or spammy websites. Reviewing and adjusting these settings can help stop the pop-ups.

To safely upgrade the Microsoft Windows 10 OS, it is essential to backup critical data (C) and ensure that you have the necessary device drivers (D). Backing up critical data protects against potential data loss during the upgrade process. Having the correct device drivers ensures that the hardware components function properly with the new OS version, preventing issues like loss of functionality or compatibility problems​​.

Windows 10 includes a set of parental controls within the "Family Options" section of the Windows settings. This feature allows parents to manage their children's computing activities, including setting time limits on device use, filtering web content, managing privacy and online safety settings, and viewing activity reports.

Family Options: By enabling and configuring Family Options, the user can set specific times when their children can use the device and access the internet, effectively limiting their overall screen time and internet usage.

Update & Security (B) mainly deals with Windows updates and security features but does not directly provide settings for time management. Ease of Access (C) is focused on accessibility settings and does not include time management options. Network & Internet (D) settings control network connectivity and do not offer parental controls or time limits. Privacy (E) settings manage which applications can access device features and user data but do not include time management options.

The most likely reason for an error message stating "Not compatible with OS" during a software installation is that the installation requires administrative rights. Many software installations, especially those that affect system files or install drivers, require administrative privileges to execute correctly. Without these rights, the installer cannot make the necessary changes to the system, leading to such error messages​​.

BitLocker is a full-disk encryption feature included with Windows Vista and later. It is designed to protect data by providing encryption for entire volumes. By encrypting the hard drive, BitLocker prevents unauthorized access to the data stored on the drive, securing it in case the laptop is lost or stolen. BitLocker is preferable over options like Windows Backup (which is for data recovery, not encryption), Shadow Copy (used for backup and does not encrypt data), and Trusted Platform Module (TPM, which is a hardware component used alongside BitLocker for securing encryption keys).

Authenticator applications are designed to enhance security by generating temporary, time-sensitive passcodes used in two-factor authentication (2FA) processes. These passcodes are used in conjunction with traditional credentials (like usernames and passwords) to grant access to systems or applications. This extra layer of security ensures that even if primary login credentials are compromised, unauthorized access is still prevented without the dynamically generated code from the authenticator app.

To troubleshoot a user's computer remotely while the user is connected, the best option is Microsoft Remote Assistance (MSRA). MSRA allows the technician to view and control the user's screen with their permission, facilitating an effective troubleshooting session without disconnecting the user.

When troubleshooting a Windows system that is experiencing issues during the OS loading phase at startup, enabling boot logging is a practical step. Boot logging creates a record of all drivers and services that are loaded (or attempted to be loaded) during the startup process. This record, typically named ntbtlog.txt, can be reviewed to identify any drivers or services that failed to load, which could be contributing to the startup issues. This diagnostic step helps pinpoint the problematic component(s) and facilitates targeted troubleshooting to resolve the OS loading issues.

Booting in safe mode is the initial step to diagnose a computer experiencing a blue screen of death (BSOD) following a failed Windows 10 update. Safe mode starts the computer with a minimal set of drivers and services, allowing troubleshooting and identification of the problematic software or driver causing the BSOD. This mode provides a safer environment to uninstall recent updates or drivers, perform system scans, and restore the system if necessary. Other options like System Restore wizard, last known-good configuration, and resetting BIOS settings may be subsequent steps but do not directly diagnose the issue as effectively as booting in safe mode.

Disposing of SSDs (Solid State Drives) containing sensitive data requires methods that ensure the data cannot be recovered. SSDs store data on flash memory, which makes traditional data destruction methods like degaussing ineffective, as degaussing relies on demagnetizing the magnetic media found in traditional hard drives.

Incineration: This method ensures the complete destruction of the SSD by burning it at high temperatures. This process is effective as it physically destroys the flash memory chips, making data recovery impossible.

Shredding: Shredding involves physically breaking the SSD into small pieces. Specialized shredding machines designed for electronic media can cut the SSD into pieces small enough to render the data unrecoverable.

Other listed options such as Degaussing (A) is ineffective on SSDs because they don't use magnetic storage. Simple Deletion (B) and Formatting (E) are not secure methods for data destruction as the data can potentially be recovered using specialized software. Recycling (D) is environmentally friendly but does not guarantee data destruction if the drive is not physically destroyed first.

A technician needs to interconnect two offices to the main branch while complying with good practices and security standards. The technician should implement VPN

Hash verification is a process that verifies the integrity of a file by comparing the hash value of the downloaded file to the hash value provided by the source1

The workstations and the authentication server have a system clock difference. If a Group Policy setting is applied that forces the workstations to use a specific SNTP server, but the system clock on the workstations and the authentication server are out of sync, then this can cause authentication issues and users will be unable to log in. In this case, the most likely cause of the issue is a difference in system clocks and the technician should ensure that the clocks on the workstations and the authentication server are in sync.

educating the user on the solution that was performed is a good next step after resolving an issue. This can help prevent similar issues from happening again and empower users to solve problems on their own.

Since Windows systems support FAT32 and NTFS "out of the box" and Linux supports a whole range of them including FAT32 and NTFS, it is highly recommended to format the partition or disk you want to share in either FAT32 or NTFS, but since FAT32 has a file size limit of 4.2 GB, if you happen to work with huge files, then it is better you use NTFS

LAN is the most likely option to be impacted in this situation. LAN stands for Local Area Network, and it is a network that connects devices within a limited area, such as a building or a campus. Installing high-definition IP videoconferencing equipment in all classrooms would require a high bandwidth and reliable LAN infrastructure to support the video and audio transmission. The LAN would also need to be configured with proper security, quality of service, and multicast protocols to ensure the optimal performance of the videoconferencing system. SAN, GPU, and PAN are not directly related to this scenario. SAN stands for Storage Area Network, and it is a network that provides access to consolidated storage devices. GPU stands for Graphics Processing Unit, and it is a hardware component that handles graphics rendering and computation. PAN stands for Personal Area Network, and it is a network that connects devices within a short range, such as Bluetooth or infrared. References:

Official CompTIA learning resources CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2, page 20

CompTIA A+ Complete Study Guide: Core 1 Exam 220-1101 and Core 2 Exam …, page 104

RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) is a protocol that allows a user to connect to and control a remote computer over a network. RDP can be used to perform Windows updates on a department’s servers without physically accessing them.

The correct answer is A. Verify the DNS server settings. This is because the DNS server is responsible for resolving domain names to IP addresses, which is necessary for accessing the internet or named network resources. If the DNS server settings are incorrect or the DNS server is down, the technician will not be able to access these resources even if they have a valid IP address and can ping the default gateway1.

1: CompTIA A+ Certification Exam: Core 2 Objectives, page 16, section 1.10.

The best way for a technician to return the device to service safely is to reinstall the operating system. This is because the device is infected by ransomware, which is a form of malware that encrypts files and demands payment for decryption. Reinstalling the operating system will erase the ransomware and restore the device to its original state. However, this will also delete any data that was not backed up before the infection. Therefore, it is important to have regular backups of critical data and protect them from ransomware attacks1.

The other options are not effective or safe for ransomware recovery. Running an AV scan may not detect or remove the ransomware, especially if it is a new or unknown variant. Installing a software firewall may prevent future attacks, but it will not help with the current infection. Performing a system restore may not work if the ransomware has corrupted or deleted the restore points. Complying with the on-screen instructions is not advisable, as it will encourage the attackers and there is no guarantee that they will provide the decryption key after receiving the payment.

To prevent and recover from ransomware attacks, it is recommended to follow some best practices, such as234:

Use strong passwords and multifactor authentication for all accounts and devices.

Keep all software and firmware updated with the latest security patches.

Avoid opening suspicious or unsolicited emails and attachments.

Educate users and staff on how to recognize and report phishing and social engineering attempts.

Use antivirus software and enable real-time protection.

Enable network segmentation and firewall rules to limit the spread of ransomware.

Implement a Zero Trust security model to verify all requests and devices before granting access.

Create and test backups of critical data and store them offline or in a separate network.

Recover safely by isolating the infected devices, identifying the ransomware variant, and restoring data from backups.

Report any ransomware incidents to law enforcement agencies and seek help from experts.

AutoPlay is a feature that automatically runs programs or files when a removable media device, such as a flash drive, is plugged in. This can be exploited by malware authors who place malicious files on flash drives that execute automatically when inserted into a computer. Turning off AutoPlay can prevent this type of incident by requiring the user to manually open or run files from removable media devices. Disabling UAC (user account control), restricting local administrators and enabling UPnP (universal plug and play) are not effective ways to prevent this type of incident. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/autoplay-security-risk https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

The correct answer is B. Swapping the cables for the monitors. When the second monitor is connected with the HDMI port, it is necessary to swap the cables for the monitors so that the mouse can move from the original monitor to the new monitor. This is because the HDMI port is designed to only support one monitor, and the mouse will not be able to move from one to the other without the cables being swapped.

According to CompTIA A+ Core 2 documents, "When connecting multiple displays to a system, the cables used to connect the displays must be swapped between the displays. For example, if a monitor is connected to a system using a VGA cable, the VGA cable must be moved to the next display to allow the mouse to move between the two displays."

The processor is the component that determines if the system supports virtualization technology (VTx), which is required for running virtualization software. The hard drive, memory and video card are not directly related to VTx support, although they may affect the performance of the virtual machines. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/what-is-virtualization https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

The best way to resolve the issue is to move factory applications to external memory. This will free up some space on the phone’s internal storage, which is required for updating the phone. To do this, you can follow these steps1:

Insert a microSD card into your phone if you don’t have one already.

Go to Settings > Apps and tap on the app you want to move.

Tap on Storage and then on Change.

Select the SD card option and tap on Move.

You may need to repeat this process for multiple apps until you have enough space to update your phone. Alternatively, you can also clear the cache and data of some apps, or uninstall the apps that you don’t use frequently. You can find more information on how to fix insufficient storage error on your phone in these articles234. I hope this helps.

EFS (Encrypting File System) is a feature that allows a user to encrypt a single folder or file on a Windows PC. It uses a public key encryption system to protect the data from unauthorized access. FAT32 and exFAT are file system formats that do not support encryption. BitLocker is a feature that encrypts the entire drive, not a single folder or file. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/what-is-efs https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

Running an antivirus scan for malicious software is the first step that a support technician should do when a user reports a virus on a PC. The antivirus scan can detect and remove the virus, as well as prevent further damage or infection. Quarantining the host, investigating how the malware was installed and reimaging the computer are possible steps that can be done after running the antivirus scan, depending on the situation and the results of the scan. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/how-to-remove-a-virus https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

A graphics card, also known as a video card or a GPU (graphics processing unit), is a component that can affect the performance of a computer game. A graphics card is responsible for rendering and displaying graphics on the screen, such as images, animations, and effects. A computer game may require a high level of graphics processing power to run smoothly and achieve high frame rates, which are the number of frames per second (FPS) that the game can display. Upgrading to a better graphics card can improve the performance of a computer game by increasing its graphics quality and frame rates. Hard drive, random-access memory, and monitor are not components that can directly improve the performance of a computer game.

Folder redirection is a feature in Windows that allows administrators to change the default location of certain special folders within the user profile, such as the "Documents" folder, to a different location, typically on a network server. This is commonly used in organizational environments to centralize file storage, simplify backups, and ensure data is stored on network drives with potentially more robust security measures and redundancy.

Folder redirection: By implementing folder redirection through Group Policy in Active Directory, a company can ensure that all users' "Documents" folders are stored on a specified file server on the network, allowing for centralized management and backup of important user files.

Security groups (A) are used to manage user and computer access to shared resources, but they don't directly enable the relocation of user folders. Organizational unit structure (C) helps in managing and applying policies within Active Directory but is not directly related to the physical location of files. Access control lists (D) are used to define permissions for files and directories, but they do not govern where those files and directories should be located.

Rollback refers to the steps to be taken if an issue occurs during a change implementation. It means restoring the system to its previous state before the change was applied, using backup data or configuration files. It can minimize the impact and downtime caused by a failed change. Testing refers to the steps to be taken before a change implementation, to verify that the change works as expected and does not cause any errors or conflicts. Risk refers to the potential negative consequences of a change implementation, such as data loss, security breach, performance degradation, etc. Acceptance refers to the steps to be taken after a change implementation, to confirm that the change meets the requirements and expectations of the stakeholders. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/change-management-process https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

The correct answer is C. Choose what closing the lid does. This option allows you to configure how the laptop behaves when you close the lid, such as whether it goes to sleep, hibernates, shuts down, or does nothing. To access this option, you can follow these steps :

Go to Settings > System > Power & sleep.

Click on Additional power settings on the right side.

Click on Choose what closing the lid does on the left side.

Under When I close the lid, select Do nothing for both On battery and Plugged in.

Click on Save changes.

This will prevent the laptop from going to sleep when you close the lid while it is connected to the docking station and the external monitor.

Hibernate, sleep/suspend, and turn on fast startup are not the options that should be configured to fix the issue. Hibernate and sleep/suspend are both power-saving modes that allow you to resume your work without losing any data. However, they also turn off the display and other components of the laptop, which means you will not be able to use the external monitor when the laptop is closed. Turn on fast startup is a feature that reduces the boot time of Windows by saving some system information to a file when you shut down. It does not affect how the laptop behaves when you close the lid .

To resolve a BSOD issue on a Windows 10 PC after installing optional Windows updates, the best approach is to Roll back the device drivers (B). BSODs can often be caused by incompatible or faulty drivers introduced during an update. Rolling back the drivers to a previous version can restore system stability and resolve the BSOD issue​​.

The app file type is designed to run under macOS as an application file bundle. macOS uses application bundles to store executable files and related resources, such as libraries, image files, and localized content, in a single directory hierarchy. This approach simplifies application management and execution within the macOS environment​​.

When a WAP (Wireless Access Point) mesh network is experiencing a higher than anticipated amount of traffic, leading to degraded network service, upgrading the network to a more advanced wireless standard can help alleviate the problem. The 802.11n specification, also known as Wireless-N, offers significant improvements over earlier standards like 802.11b/g in terms of speed, range, and reliability. It allows for increased data throughput and better coverage, which can support a higher number of wireless users effectively.

Upgrading to 802.11n: This involves replacing existing WAPs with those that support the 802.11n standard or higher. The upgrade can result in improved network performance by accommodating more wireless connections with higher data rates, reducing congestion and improving overall network efficiency.

Replacing non-mobile users' laptops with wired desktop systems (A) could reduce wireless traffic but may not be feasible or desirable for all users. Increasing the wireless network adapter metric (B) would affect route priority but not overall network capacity. Adding wireless repeaters (C) can extend the range but might also introduce additional latency and does not necessarily increase the network's capacity to handle more users efficiently.

Resource Monitor is a tool that shows the network activity of each process on a Windows machine, including the TCP connections and the sent and received bytes. Performance Monitor is a tool that shows the performance metrics of the system, such as CPU, memory, disk and network usage. Command Prompt is a tool that allows running commands and scripts on a Windows machine. System Information is a tool that shows the hardware and software configuration of a Windows machine. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/how-to-use-resource-monitor https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

To resolve an issue of low storage space on a Windows computer, the best approach is to Run Disk Cleanup (B). Disk Cleanup is a built-in utility that helps users free up space on their hard drives by deleting temporary files, system files, and other unnecessary files that are no longer needed, thereby resolving low storage space issues

After successfully mitigating a malicious event caused by an infected email, the final step before considering the event closed is to complete an incident report. This document should detail the nature of the incident, the steps taken to resolve it, and any lessons learned to improve future responses to similar threats.

After rebooting the phone, connecting to Wi-Fi, and disabling metered data, the next step the technician should take is to Clear the cache (D). Clearing the cache can resolve issues with the phone's performance and is often necessary before updating software to ensure that the updates can be downloaded and installed without issues. It removes temporary files that may be interfering with the update process​​.

To enforce a security policy that prohibits USB drives on user workstations, the network administrator should run the gpupdate (C) command. This command forces a Group Policy update, which can include policies to disable USB drives. Group Policy is a feature in Microsoft Windows that allows for centralized management and configuration of operating systems, applications, and users' settings in an Active Directory environment​​.

Sandbox testing is a method of identifying potential issues with a proposed change prior to implementation. It involves creating a simulated or isolated environment that mimics the real system and applying the change to it. This can help to verify that the change works as expected and does not cause any errors or conflicts. Request form, rollback plan and end-user acceptance are other components of a change management process, but they do not involve identifying issues with a change. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/what-is-sandbox-testing https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

Clearing the cached file is an action that can help resolve the issue of not seeing the latest patch notes on a game vendor’s website. A cached file is a copy of a web page or file that is stored locally on the user’s browser or device for faster loading and offline access. However, sometimes a cached file may become outdated or corrupted and prevent the user from seeing the most recent or accurate version of a web page or file. Clearing the cached file can force the browser to download and display the latest version from the server instead of using the old copy from the cache. Synchronizing the browser data, enabling private browsing mode, and marking the site as trusted are not actions that can help resolve this issue.

A rollback plan describes the process of reverting a system to its previous state after a failed upgrade or change. This ensures system stability and functionality by restoring known good configurations and is a crucial part of change management to minimize disruptions in case of unsuccessful updates.

When an Android device experiences slow boot times and application crashes after installing apps from a third-party website, scanning the system for malware is a critical first step. Third-party sources can often host malicious software that can compromise device performance and security. A malware scan can identify and remove such threats, potentially resolving the performance issues and application instability. Clearing the web browser cache, enrolling the device in an MDM system, and confirming app compatibility are useful steps but do not address the immediate concern of potential malware introduced by third-party app installations.

A corporate security policy can restrict a corporate-managed mobile device from updating its OS automatically, even if the auto-update feature is turned on. This can be done to prevent compatibility issues, security risks or performance problems caused by untested or unwanted updates. The device administrator can control when and how the updates are applied to the device. The device not having enough free space, needing domain administrator confirmation or being incompatible with the newest version of the OS are not likely causes of the issue, since the user would receive an error message or a notification in those cases. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/mobile-device-management https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

The "tracert" command is used to view the path that network traffic takes from a PC to a specified destination. It is helpful in identifying where along the path the traffic may be failing or experiencing delays. In the scenario where a customer service representative can't send jobs to a remote printer but can print locally, "tracert" can help diagnose if there's a network routing issue affecting the connection to the remote branch office.

A corporate use license, also known as a volume license, is a type of software license that allows an organization to purchase and use multiple copies of a software product with a single license key. A corporate use license can help validate compliance with an application’s EULA (end-user license agreement), which is a legal contract that defines the terms and conditions of using the software. A corporate use license can also reduce the number of licenses to manage, as it eliminates the need to activate and track individual licenses for each copy of the software. Personal use license, open-source license, and non-expiring license are not types of licenses that can best accomplish this goal.

Screen timeout is the setting that determines how long the screen stays on after the user stops interacting with the phone. Screen brightness is the setting that determines how much light the screen emits. Both of these settings affect the battery life of the phone, as keeping the screen on longer and brighter consumes more power than turning it off sooner and dimmer. A technician should check these settings first to troubleshoot the issue of low battery life and adjust them accordingly. Screen resolution, screen zoom, screen damage, and screen motion smoothness are not settings that directly affect the battery life or the screen staying on for a long time.

The error "This site cannot be reached" often indicates a problem with DNS (Domain Name System) resolution, where the browser is unable to translate a website's domain name into its corresponding IP address. Since the laptop was set to use DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) at home, it's possible that it's not receiving the correct DNS server information from the home network, or the DNS servers it was using at work are not accessible from the home network.

DNS: Checking and possibly correcting the DNS settings to ensure they are appropriate for the home network might resolve the browsing issue. The user can try using public DNS servers like those provided by Google (8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4) or Cloudflare (1.1.1.1) if the default DNS servers provided by the home ISP are not working properly.

HTTPS (A) is a protocol for secure communication over a computer network but is not something that needs to be configured on the user's end to solve this type of issue. VLAN (B) stands for Virtual Local Area Network and is more related to network segmentation and management within larger networks, not typically applicable to home internet issues. SMTP (D) stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, which is used for sending emails, not for general web browsing issues.

To prevent security issues related to an employee using the same password for multiple applications and websites, implementing expiration policies (B) is best. Password expiration policies require users to change their passwords at regular intervals, which helps to mitigate the risks associated with password reuse. Regularly changing passwords reduces the chances of unauthorized access from compromised credentials​​.

Chain of custody is a process that helps ensure that a piece of evidence extracted from a PC is admissible in a court of law. Chain of custody refers to the documentation and tracking of who handled, accessed, modified, or transferred the evidence, when, where, why, and how. Chain of custody can help establish the authenticity, integrity, and reliability of the evidence, as well as prevent tampering, alteration, or loss of the evidence. Data integrity form, valid operating system license, and documentation of an incident are not processes that can ensure that a piece of evidence extracted from a PC is admissible in a court of law.

Risk analysis is used to explain issues that may occur during a change implementation. Risk analysis is a process of identifying, assessing and prioritizing potential risks that may affect a project or an activity. Risk analysis can help determine the likelihood and impact of various issues that may arise during a change implementation, such as technical errors, compatibility problems, security breaches, performance degradation or user dissatisfaction. Risk analysis can also help plan and prepare for mitigating or avoiding these issues. Scope change is a modification of the original goals, requirements or deliverables of a project or an activity. Scope change is not used to explain issues that may occur during a change implementation but to reflect changes in expectations or needs of the stakeholders. End-user acceptance is a measure of how well the users are satisfied with and adopt a new system or service. End-user acceptance is not used to explain issues that may occur during a change implementation but to evaluate the success and effectiveness of the change. Rollback plan is a contingency plan that describes how to restore a system or service to its previous state in case of a failed or problematic change implementation. Rollback plan is not used to explain issues that may occur during a change implementation but to recover from them. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 5.2

Over time, especially with frequent opening, modification, and saving of large files, a hard disk drive (HDD) can become fragmented. Fragmentation occurs when pieces of individual files are scattered across the disk, leading to longer read and write times, which can significantly slow down the computer. Disk defragmentation reorganizes these fragmented files, placing the pieces closer together on the drive, which improves access time and overall system performance.

Disk Defragment: Using the Disk Defragment tool on a Windows 10 system with an HDD will help in reorganizing the data more efficiently, thus potentially remedying the slow performance issue.

The Registry Editor (B) is a tool that allows for the viewing and editing of the Windows registry and is generally not used for performance improvement but rather for system settings and configuration adjustments. System Information (C) provides a detailed look at the computer's hardware and system details but does not offer tools for performance improvement. Disk Cleanup (D) can help free up space on the hard drive by removing temporary files and system files that are no longer needed, which can indirectly improve performance but is not the primary tool for addressing fragmentation.

For a company looking to transition away from face-to-face meetings, videoconferencing and screen-sharing software would be most beneficial.

Videoconferencing software allows participants to conduct virtual meetings with audio and video capabilities, effectively simulating a face-to-face interaction without the need for physical presence. This can greatly reduce travel costs and time while maintaining the personal touch of meetings.

Screen-sharing enables participants in a virtual meeting to view one another's computer screens in real time. This is particularly useful for presentations, collaborative work, and troubleshooting, as it allows for a more interactive and engaging meeting experience.

Both technologies support the company's goal of leveraging modern technology to enhance communication and collaboration while reducing reliance on physical meetings.

Scripting languages are designed for automating tasks by writing scripts that can execute a series of commands. They are typically easier to write and understand compared to compiled languages and are widely used for automating repetitive tasks, making them the best option for task automation.

Restarting the smartphone can resolve a wide range of technical issues, including those related to Bluetooth connectivity. This simple step can refresh the system and eliminate temporary software glitches that might be interfering with Bluetooth functions like audio output and data synchronization.

Restart the smartphone: This action clears the system's RAM and can resolve conflicts between the Bluetooth service and other processes running on the smartphone, potentially fixing both the audio and synchronization issues.

Resetting network settings (B) could also potentially fix the issue but is a more drastic step that also clears Wi-Fi networks and passwords, cellular settings, and VPN configurations, which might not be necessary. Unpairing the Bluetooth speaker (C) could help if the issue is specific to the speaker, but since there are also synchronization issues with the smartwatch, the problem seems broader. Checking for system updates (D) is a good general maintenance step, but it's more likely to help with ongoing or known issues rather than immediate connectivity problems.

If a technician is unable to run an OS installation file and receives a message indicating no software is installed to handle the file, the next step is to mount the ISO file. Mounting the ISO will create a virtual drive from which the installation can be run, mimicking the behavior of a physical installation media.

When a homeowner moves and sets up a new router for the new ISP it is important to take appropriate security measures to protect their network from potential security threats. The FIRST step that the homeowner should take after installation of all relevant cabling and hardware is to change the default passwords on new network devices.

Most modern routers come with default usernames and passwords that are widely known to potential attackers. If these defaults are not changed, it could make it easier for external attackers to gain unauthorized access to the network. Changing the passwords on new network devices is a simple but effective way to improve the security posture of the network.

Operating system updates are used to secure a device from known exploits. Operating system updates are patches or fixes that are released by the vendor to address security vulnerabilities, bugs, or performance issues. Operating system updates can also provide new features or enhancements to the device. It is important to keep the operating system updated to prevent attackers from exploiting known flaws or weaknesses.

Robocopy is a command-line utility that can be used to mirror the source data for the backup. It can copy files and folders with various options, such as copying only changed files, preserving attributes and permissions, and retrying failed copies. Robocopy is more powerful and flexible than copy or xcopy, which are simpler commands that can only copy files and folders without mirroring or other advanced features. Copy-Item is a PowerShell cmdlet that can also copy files and folders, but it is not a native Windows utility and it requires PowerShell to run1.

BitLocker is a full-disk encryption feature included with certain editions of Windows, designed to protect data by providing encryption for entire volumes.

Option A: FileVaultFileVault is a disk encryption program in macOS, not Windows.

Option B: BitLockerBitLocker is the correct tool for disk encryption on Windows operating systems, providing full disk encryption.

Option C: Private KeyA private key is part of public key infrastructure (PKI) used in encryption, but it is not a tool for disk encryption by itself.

Option D: PowerShellPowerShell is a task automation and configuration management framework from Microsoft, not a tool for disk encryption.

PowerShell (Option C) is a powerful scripting language used in Windows environments for automating tasks, including the configuration of services across multiple systems. It is widely used by system administrators for scripting and automating administrative tasks.

SQL (Option A) is used for managing databases, not for scripting system configurations.

HTML (Option B) is a markup language for web development, not for automating services.

C# (Option D) is a general-purpose programming language but is not primarily used for administrative automation tasks.

CompTIA A+ Core 2 References:

4.8 - Basics of scripting, including PowerShell for automation

When dealing with an angry customer, active listening and empathy are crucial. Even if the technician believes the issue has been resolved, the customer’s concerns must be acknowledged professionally.

Option A (Incorrect): Insisting that the customer is correct and simply documenting the concern does not resolve the issue. The technician should aim to engage with the customer constructively.

Option B (Incorrect): While listening is important, completely staying silent without engaging in a discussion does not help in resolving the issue.

Option C (Incorrect): Escalating the issue immediately without attempting to resolve it first is not the best approach unless all other options fail.

Option D (Correct): Apologizing and asking what would help resolve the issue demonstrates empathy and professionalism. It helps defuse the situation and allows for an opportunity to find a mutually acceptable solution.

CompTIA A+ Core 2 Reference:

220-1102 Exam Objective 4.3 – Explain the importance of professionalism, including empathy, active listening, and proper documentation.

Finder is the default GUI and file manager in macOS. Finder is an application that allows users to access and manage files and folders on their Mac computers. Finder also provides features such as Quick Look, Spotlight, AirDrop and iCloud Drive. Finder uses a graphical user interface that consists of icons, menus, toolbars and windows to display and interact with files and folders. Disk Utility is a utility that allows users to view and manage disk drives and partitions on their Mac computers. Disk Utility is not a GUI or a file manager but a disk management tool. Dock is a feature that allows users to access and launch applications on their Mac computers. Dock is not a GUI or a file manager but an application launcher. FileVault is a feature that allows users to encrypt and protect their data on their Mac computers. FileVault is not a GUI or a file manager but an encryption tool. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 1.1

Recovery is a Windows 10 utility that can be used to address the concern of a failed update that prevents an application from launching. Recovery allows the user to reset the PC, go back to a previous version of Windows, or use advanced startup options to troubleshoot and repair the system2. Device Manager, Administrator Tools, and Programs and Features are not Windows 10 utilities that can fix a failed update.

Rolling back video card drivers is the best way to resolve the issue of large desktop icons on a user’s newly issued PC. This means restoring the previous version of the drivers that were working fine before the software patch was deployed. The software patch may have caused compatibility issues or corrupted the drivers, resulting in display problems

The Windows 10 desktop has Windows 10 Home installed, which does not support RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) as a host. Only Windows 10 Pro, Enterprise, and Education editions can act as RDP hosts and allow remote access to their desktops1. The Windows 10 desktop does not have DHCP configured, is connected via Wi-Fi, or is hibernating are not likely to prevent the RDP connection if the technician is able to ping the computer successfully.

When troubleshooting boot times for a user, a technician may want to check which programs are starting with the operating system to identify any that may be slowing down the boot process. MSConfig is a tool that can be used to view startup items on a Windows system, but it may not always be available or functional.

In this scenario, the technician receives a message that MSConfig cannot be used to view startup items. As an alternative, the technician can use Task Manager (taskmgr), which can also display the programs that run at startup. To access the list of startup items in Task Manager, the technician can follow these steps:

Open Task Manager by pressing Ctrl+Shift+Esc.

Click the "Startup" tab.

The list of programs that run at startup will be displayed.

DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol and it is used to assign IP addresses and other network configuration parameters to devices on a network automatically. This is useful for devices that do not require the same private address each time they connect to the internet. 

Private-browsing mode is the best option to mitigate the risk of customer data being accidentally saved to the kiosk. Private-browsing mode prevents the browser from storing cookies, history, passwords, and other data that could reveal the customer’s identity or preferences. Manually clearing browsing data is not a reliable option, as it depends on the customer’s awareness and willingness to do so. Browser data synchronization and password manager are features that could actually increase the risk of customer data being exposed, as they could sync or autofill sensitive information across devices or accounts. References:

Official CompTIA learning resources CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2, page 12

Certification Study Guides and Books | CompTIA IT Certifications, CompTIA A+ Core 1 220-1101 Certification Study Guide, page 234

The technician should adjust the firewall settings to resolve the issue of not being able to access an internal site at https://companyintranet.com:8888. The firewall settings control how the firewall filters and allows network traffic based on rules and policies. The firewall settings may be blocking or preventing the access to the internal site by mistake or by default, especially if the site uses a non-standard port number such as 8888. The technician should check and modify the firewall settings to allow the access to the internal site or its port number. Default gateway settings determine how a computer connects to other networks or the internet. Default gateway settings are not likely to cause the issue of not being able to access an internal site if the user can access the public internet. DHCP settings determine how a computer obtains its IP address and other network configuration parameters automatically from a DHCP server. DHCP settings are not likely to cause the issue of not being able to access an internal site if the user can access other network resources. IP address settings determine how a computer identifies itself and communicates with other devices on a network. IP address settings are not likely to cause the issue of not being able to access an internal site if the user can access other network resources. Antivirus settings control how the antivirus software scans and protects the computer from malware and threats. Antivirus settings are less likely to cause the issue of not being able to access an internal site than firewall settings, unless the antivirus software has its own firewall feature that may interfere with the network traffic. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 1.6

 A zero-day attack is an attack that exploits a previously unknown vulnerability in a computer application, meaning that the attack occurs on “day zero” of awareness of the vulnerability

Configuring AAA Services. Retrieved from https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/routers/crs/software/crs_r4-0/security/configuration/guide/sc40crsbook_chapter1.html

The technician should provide the user with a unique ticket number that can be referenced on subsequent calls to make sure the ticket is associated with the correct user. This is because registering the ticket with a unique user identifier, having the user provide a callback phone number to be added to the ticket, or assigning the ticket to the department’s power user will not ensure that the ticket is associated with the correct user2.

DNS (domain name system) is a protocol that translates domain names to IP addresses. If the computer has an incorrect DNS address assigned, it will not be able to resolve the domain names of web-based applications and access them. A firewall, a VLAN (virtual local area network) and a browser cache are not the most likely reasons for the issue, since the computer can ping known IP addresses on the internet and receive a response. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/what-is-dns https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

Browser plug-ins are software components that add functionality to a web browser, such as playing videos, displaying animations, etc. However, some browser plug-ins can also be malicious or compromised and cause unwanted pop-up advertising messages while browsing the internet. A malware scan may not be able to locate the source of the infection if it is hidden in a browser plug-in. Windows updates, DNS settings and certificate store are not likely sources of pop-up advertising messages. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/browser-security https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts the files on the victim’s computer and demands a ransom for their decryption. Ransomware can cause high disk throughput by encrypting large amounts of data in a short time.

The term that defines the extent of a change is scope. Scope is a measure of the size, scale and boundaries of a project or an activity. Scope defines what is included and excluded in the project or activity, such as goals, requirements, deliverables, tasks and resources. Scope helps determine the feasibility, duration and cost of the project or activity. Scope also helps manage the expectations and needs of the stakeholders involved in the project or activity. Purpose is the reason or objective for doing a project or an activity. Purpose defines why the project or activity is important or necessary, such as solving a problem, meeting a need or achieving a goal. Purpose helps provide direction, motivation and justification for the project or activity. Analysis is the process of examining, evaluating and interpreting data or information related to a project or an activity. Analysis helps identify, understand and prioritize issues, risks, opportunities and solutions for the project or activity. Impact is the effect or outcome of a project or an activity on something or someone else. Impact defines how the project or activity affects or influences other factors, such as performance, quality, satisfaction or value. Impact helps measure the success and effectiveness of the project or activity. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 5.2

Cryptomining malware is a type of malicious program that uses the CPU resources of a compromised server to generate cryptocurrency, such as Bitcoin or Ethereum. It can cause extremely high CPU utilization and network traffic to the IP address of the cryptocurrency service. Keylogger, ransomware and boot sector virus are other types of malware, but they do not cause the same symptoms as cryptomining malware. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/what-is-cryptomining https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

The technician should place the hard drive in an antistatic bag and secure the area containing the hard drive before leaving. This will protect the hard drive from electrostatic discharge (ESD), dust, moisture, and physical damage. Asking coworkers to make sure no one touches the hard drive is not a reliable or secure way to prevent damage. Leaving the hard drive on the table exposes it to ESD and other environmental hazards. Connecting an electrostatic discharge strap to the drive is not enough to protect it from dust, moisture, and physical damage.

A recovery key is a code that can be used to unlock a BitLocker-encrypted drive when the normal authentication methods (such as password or PIN) are not available or have been forgotten. BitLocker is a feature of Windows that encrypts the entire drive to protect data from unauthorized access. If a technician is trying to repair a Windows 10 OS that has BitLocker enabled, they will need the recovery key to access the drive and continue the OS repair. SSL key, preshared key, and WPA2 key are not keys that are related to BitLocker or OS repair.

Incremental backup is a backup method that only backs up the files that have changed since the last backup, whether it was a full or an incremental backup. Incremental backup can save storage space and bandwidth, as it does not copy the same files over and over again. Incremental backup can also retain more versions of backups, as it only stores the changes made to the files. However, incremental backup can have longer restore times, as it requires restoring the last full backup and all the subsequent incremental backups in order to recover the data. The law firm is not concerned about restore times but asks the technician to retain more versions when possible, so incremental backup would be a suitable choice for them.

MFA (Multi-Factor Authentication) is a security measure that often uses an SMS or third-party application as a secondary method to access a system. MFA requires the user to provide two or more pieces of evidence to prove their identity, such as something they know (e.g., password), something they have (e.g., phone), or something they are (e.g., fingerprint)2. WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2) is a security protocol for wireless networks that does not use SMS or third-party applications. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a symmetric encryption algorithm that does not use SMS or third-party applications. RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) is a network protocol that provides centralized authentication and authorization for remote access clients, but does not use SMS or third-party applications.

VNC (Virtual Network Computing) is a protocol that allows a technician to simultaneously view and control a user’s screen remotely. VNC uses a server-client model, where the user’s computer runs a VNC server and the technician’s computer runs a VNC client. VNC can work across different platforms and operating systems3. SSH (Secure Shell) is a protocol that allows a technician to access a user’s command-line interface remotely, but not their graphical user interface. VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a technology that creates a secure and encrypted connection over a public network, but does not allow screen sharing. RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) is a protocol that allows a technician to access a user’s desktop remotely, but not simultaneously with the user.

A possible cause of the user being redirected to unexpected websites is that the localhost file entries have been modified by malware or hackers to point to malicious or unwanted websites. The localhost file is a text file that maps hostnames to IP addresses and can override DNS settings. By examining the localhost file entries, a technician can identify and remove any suspicious or unauthorized entries that may cause the redirection issue. Enabling firewall ACLs may not resolve the issue if the firewall rules do not block the malicious or unwanted websites. Verifying the routing tables may not resolve the issue if the routing configuration is correct and does not affect the web traffic. Updating the antivirus definitions may help prevent future infections but may not remove the existing malware or changes to the localhost file. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 1.3QUESTION NO: 218a

A network technician installed a SOHO router for a home office user. The user has read reports about home routers being targeted by malicious actors and then used in DDoS attacks. Which of the following can the technician MOST likely do to defend against this threat?

A. Add network content filtering.

B. Disable the SSID broadcast.

C. Configure port forwarding.

D. Change the default credentials.

Answer: D

 One of the most effective ways to defend against malicious actors targeting home routers for DDoS attacks is to change the default credentials of the router. The default credentials are often well-known or easily guessed by attackers, who can then access and compromise the router settings and firmware. By changing the default credentials to strong and unique ones, a technician can prevent unauthorized access and configuration changes to the router. Adding network content filtering may help block some malicious or unwanted websites but may not prevent attackers from exploiting router vulnerabilities or backdoors. Disabling the SSID broadcast may help reduce the visibility of the wireless network but may not prevent attackers from scanning or detecting it. Configuring port forwarding may help direct incoming traffic to specific devices or services but may not prevent attackers from sending malicious packets or requests to the router. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 3.3

Personalization is a Windows 10 setting that allows a user to modify the desktop wallpaper, as well as other aspects of the appearance and behavior of the desktop, such as colors, themes, sounds, etc. Apps is a Windows 10 setting that allows a user to manage the installed applications and their features. Updates is a Windows 10 setting that allows a user to check for and install the latest updates for the OS and other components. Display is a Windows 10 setting that allows a user to adjust the screen resolution, brightness, orientation, etc. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/windows-10-settings https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

A new employee will need to sign an AUP before being granted login access to the network. An AUP is an Acceptable Use Policy that defines the rules and guidelines for using network resources and services in an organization. An AUP typically covers topics such as security, privacy, ethics, compliance and liability issues related to network usage. An AUP helps protect the organization and its users from legal, regulatory and reputational risks associated with network activities. An MSDS is a Material Safety Data Sheet that provides information about hazardous substances and how to handle them safely. An MSDS is not related to network access or usage. A EULA is an End User License Agreement that specifies the terms and conditions for using a software product or service. A EULA is usually provided by software vendors or developers and does not apply to network access or usage in general. A UAC is a User Account Control that is a security feature that prompts users for permission or confirmation before performing certain actions that require elevated privileges or affect system settings. A UAC is not a document that needs to be signed by users but a mechanism that helps prevent unauthorized changes or malware infections on a system. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 5.1

The technician should use net use command-line tool to remove and reconnect mapped drives. Net use is a command that allows users to manage network connections and resources, such as shared folders or printers. Net use can be used to map or unmap network drives by specifying their drive letters and network paths. For example, net use Z: \server\share maps drive Z: to \server\share folder, and net use Z: /delete unmaps drive Z:. Set is a command that displays or modifies environment variables for the current user or process. Set is not related to managing mapped drives. Mkdir is a command that creates a new directory or folder in the current or specified location. Mkdir is not related to managing mapped drives. Rename is a command that renames a file or folder in the current or specified location. Rename is not related to managing mapped drives. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 1.6

The software is most likely to install by default in the /Applications directory, which is the standard location for macOS applications. This directory can be accessed from the Finder sidebar or by choosing Go > Applications from the menu bar. The /Applications directory contains all the applications that are available to all users on the system1. Some applications might also offer the option to install in the ~/Applications directory, which is a personal applications folder for a single user2. The /etc/services directory is a system configuration file that maps service names to port numbers and protocols3. The /usr/bin directory is a system directory that contains executable binaries for various commands and utilities4. The C:\Program Files directory is a Windows directory that does not exist on macOS.

SMB stands for Server Message Block, which is a network file sharing protocol that allows applications on a computer to read and write to files and to request services from server programs in a computer network. SMB is a built-in protocol in Windows operating systems and can be used to transfer files between computers over a network. The technician can use SMB to access a file share on the user’s workstation and copy the file to or from it. VPN stands for virtual private network, which is a technology that creates a secure and encrypted connection over a public network. VPN is not a built-in protocol in Windows operating systems and does not directly transfer files between computers. RMM stands for remote monitoring and management, which is a type of software solution that allows remote management and monitoring of devices and networks. RMM is not a built-in protocol in Windows operating systems and does not directly transfer files between computers. MSRA stands for Microsoft Remote Assistance, which is a feature that allows a user to invite another user to view or control their computer remotely. MSRA is not a protocol, but an application that uses Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) to establish a connection. MSRA does not directly transfer files between computers.

https://www.pcmag.com/picks/the-best-desktop-workstations

To manually add a workstation to a domain, the technician needs to access the System Properties menu where domain settings are configured.

User Accounts: Manages user accounts but does not handle domain membership.

System Properties: The correct place to add or change domain membership settings.

Windows Firewall: Manages firewall settings but not domain membership.

Network and Sharing: Manages network connections and sharing but not domain settings.

Detailed Explanation with Core 2 References:A "No OS found" message often occurs if the PC is trying to boot from an external storage device that does not contain an OS. Removing any external devices and rebooting can resolve this issue. This approach is part of troubleshooting boot-related problems, as emphasized in Core 2 (Core 2 Objective 3.1)​.

When a user reports that a new, personally owned tablet will not connect to the corporate Wi-Fi network, but other devices can connect, and the tablet is running the latest software, the most likely cause of the issue is a blocked MAC address. Here’s why:

MAC Filtering: Many corporate networks implement MAC address filtering as a security measure. This involves only allowing devices with specific MAC addresses to connect to the network. If the MAC address of the new tablet is not on the allowed list, it will be blocked from connecting.

Check Network Settings: To troubleshoot this, the network administrator can check the network's MAC filtering settings to see if the tablet's MAC address is blocked.

Add MAC Address: If the MAC address is blocked, adding the tablet's MAC address to the allowed list will resolve the issue.

Other options like incorrect encryption settings or outdated drivers are less likely because the user can connect with other devices and the tablet is running the latest software. Disabled location services do not affect Wi-Fi connectivity.

Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:

The two best first steps are:

Perform a virus scan – Multiple users on a device increase the risk of malware, which can cause performance issues.

Check the startup programs – Unnecessary programs running at startup can slow down the system.

C. Back up the data – Important but not the first step for performance troubleshooting.

D. Disable the guest account – May prevent future unauthorized use but does not immediately fix the current issue.

E. Update the firmware – Firmware updates improve hardware stability but are unlikely to fix a sudden performance drop.

F. Reinstall the operating system – A last resort, as it erases data and takes significant time.

To ensure device security on the network while adhering to industry best practices, the technician should:

Automate the patching process: This ensures that all devices receive the latest security updates in a timely manner without manual intervention, reducing the risk of vulnerabilities.

Monitor the firewall configuration: Important for network security but does not directly ensure all devices are patched.

Implement access control lists: Controls access to resources but does not ensure devices are patched.

Document all changes: Important for change management but does not directly impact the patching process.

The correct answer is Administrative Tools (Option D), which provides access to several system utilities, including those needed for managing system files and settings. Since the user already has local administrator privileges, this would allow them to edit system properties efficiently.

File Explorer Options (Option A) manage general file display settings but do not provide administrative access.

Ease of Access (Option B) is related to accessibility settings, not file management.

Indexing Options (Option C) control how files are indexed for search, but are unrelated to system file editing.

CompTIA A+ Core 2 References:

1.3 - Use features and tools of the Windows operating system, including Administrative Tools​​.

Detailed Explanation with Core 2 References:The default gateway directs network traffic to external networks. If the traffic is still going to the old firewall, updating the gateway setting will redirect it to the new firewall. This task is part of network configuration management covered in Core 2 (Core 2 Objective 2.5)​.

To securely access shared files and corporate email from home, the best tool to use is a Virtual Private Network (VPN). Here’s why:

VPN (Virtual Private Network): A VPN creates a secure connection over the internet, allowing the user to access the corporate network as if they were on-site. It encrypts the data transmitted between the user's home and the corporate network, ensuring privacy and security.

MSRA (Microsoft Remote Assistance): Used for remote support but not for accessing shared files and emails securely.

FTP (File Transfer Protocol): Used for transferring files but does not provide secure access to a corporate network or email.

RMM (Remote Monitoring and Management): Used by IT professionals to manage client systems remotely but not for user access to shared files and emails.

When upgraded computers are not able to obtain an IP address, the issue often lies in the network configuration. Here’s a

Option A: The switch is only providing IPv6 addresses.This is unlikely because if the switch were providing IPv6 addresses, the devices would still receive an IP address, albeit an IPv6 one. The issue described indicates no IP address is being obtained at all.

Option B: The OS must be updated to be compatible with the imaging software.This option is unrelated to obtaining an IP address. Compatibility with imaging software would not prevent the devices from getting an IP address.

Option C: The switch has port security enabled.Correct Answer. Port security on a switch restricts access based on MAC addresses. If the MAC addresses of the upgraded computers are not recognized or have not been added to the allowed list, the switch will not provide network access, resulting in the computers not obtaining an IP address.

In the event of a security breach, documenting the incident is crucial for tracking, analysis, and resolution. The appropriate steps should ensure thorough documentation and communication:

Option A: Record the details in the ticketing system.Correct Answer. The ticketing system is the primary tool for IT support to track incidents. Recording the details in the ticketing system ensures that all relevant information is documented systematically, can be easily accessed, and tracked through the resolution process.

This aligns with best practices in incident documentation and support systems information management as outlined in the CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1102) Exam Objectives, Section 4.1​​.

Option B: Take screenshots and attach them to the root cause analysis.While screenshots can be useful, the first step should be to record the details in the ticketing system. Screenshots may be added later as supplementary information.

Option C: Discuss the incident with the company’s legal team.Involving the legal team is important for certain aspects of a security breach, but the initial step should still be to document the incident in the ticketing system.

Detailed Explanation with Core 2 References:The ipconfig command displays the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway for all network adapters in a Windows computer. This output specifically shows details about an Ethernet adapter, which is directly tied to ipconfig. According to Core 2, understanding command-line tools like ipconfig is essential for network troubleshooting (Core 2 Objective 1.2)​.

When a system administrator discovers a user's PC running slowly with 100% CPU utilization, it often indicates that the system is being used for unauthorized purposes, such as being part of a botnet attack. Here’s why:

Botnet attack: Botnets are networks of computers infected with malware and controlled by an attacker. These infected computers (bots) are often used to carry out tasks like sending spam or participating in Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. The high CPU utilization and resource usage indicate that the computer might be performing tasks dictated by the botnet controller.

Firewall activities: While firewall activities can use some resources, they generally do not cause sustained high CPU utilization.

DDoS attack: DDoS attacks target external systems by overwhelming them with traffic. A system participating in a DDoS might have high network usage, but the primary symptom on the user’s PC would be high network activity, not necessarily CPU usage.

Keylogger attack: Keyloggers record keystrokes and generally do not cause high CPU utilization. They are more stealthy and have minimal resource footprints.

In the case of a security breach disclosure, it's crucial to follow proper protocol to handle sensitive information responsibly:

Ignore the messages: Not appropriate as it disregards the potential impact and severity of the breach.

Remove the colleague and ask members to delete the messages: While it might limit the spread of the information, it doesn't address the breach reporting requirement.

Message the colleague privately: Might help in immediate removal of messages but does not follow the proper chain of command and reporting protocols.

Contact the supervisor: The correct action, as it ensures that the incident is handled by higher authorities who can take appropriate measures. Reporting with screenshots ensures that there is evidence of the disclosure.

Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:

Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts files and demands payment (usually in cryptocurrency) to decrypt them.

B. Keylogger – Tracks keystrokes but does not demand payment.

C. Cryptomining – Uses system resources to mine cryptocurrency without the user’s consent.

D. Rootkit – Hides malicious software but does not demand payment.

The issue could have been avoided if the developer had used Sandbox testing (Option D), which allows new software to be tested in a controlled environment before implementation. This process ensures that the software does not negatively impact system functionality, like stopping access to critical resources such as file servers.

End-user acceptance (Option A) ensures that users approve the software, but it wouldn't prevent the issue.

Staff delegation (Option B) relates to who is responsible but doesn't address testing.

Appropriate scoping (Option C) helps in defining the extent of changes but does not replace testing.

CompTIA A+ Core 2 References:

4.2 - Explain basic change management best practices, including testing in a sandbox environment​.

Group Policy is a feature of Windows that allows administrators to centrally manage and apply policies and settings to computers and users on a domain3. Group Policy can be used to configure network drives, printers, security settings, desktop preferences, and other configurations for all users’ workstations3. Network and Sharing Center, net use, User Accounts, and regedit are not tools that can accomplish this task.

The correct answer is A. Document the date and time of change. After implementing a change, the technician should document the date and time of change in the change log or record. This helps to track the change history, monitor the change performance, and identify any issues or incidents related to the change. Documenting the date and time of change is also a good practice for auditing and compliance purposes.

Documenting the purpose of the change (B) and the risk level © are steps that should be done before implementing the change, not after. These are important information that help to justify, prioritize, and plan the change. The purpose of the change should explain why the change is needed and what benefits it will bring to the organization. The risk level should assess the potential impact and probability of the change causing any problems or disruptions to the business.

Documenting the findings of the sandbox test (D) is also a step that should be done before implementing the change, not after. A sandbox test is a way of testing the change in an isolated environment that mimics the production environment. This helps to verify that the change works as expected and does not cause any errors or conflicts with other systems or processes. The findings of the sandbox test should be documented and reviewed by the change advisory board (CAB) before approving the change for implementation.

PXE (Preboot eXecution Environment) boot is an orchestration tool that allows a desktop administrator to deploy a standard image to multiple computers over a network. It requires a PXE server that hosts the image and a PXE client that boots from the network interface card (NIC). USB drive and DVD installation media are not orchestration tools, but manual methods of installing an image on each computer individually. Recovery partition is not an orchestration tool, but a hidden partition on the hard drive that contains an image of the factory settings. Verified References: https://www.comptia.org/blog/what-is-pxe-boot https://www.comptia.org/certifications/a

One of the possible ways to access the user’s computer remotely is to use RDP, which stands for Remote Desktop Protocol. RDP is a protocol that allows a user to connect to another computer over a network and use its graphical interface. RDP is commonly used for remote desktop software, such as Microsoft Remote Desktop Connection1. To use RDP, the user’s computer must run RDP server software, and the technician must run RDP client software. The technician can then enter the user’s IP address or hostname, and provide the appropriate credentials to log in to the user’s computer. Once connected, the technician can view and control the user’s desktop, and review the Outlook settings.

A hardware token is a physical device that provides an additional layer of security for software authorization. Some specialized software may require a hardware token to be attached to the workstation in order to run. A hardware token may contain a cryptographic key, a password, or a one-time code that verifies the user’s identity or permission. Installing the software in safe mode, installing OS updates, and restarting the workstation after installation are not likely to resolve the issue of software authorization.

When a customer experiences display issues such as large icons and inaccurate colors after a Windows upgrade, the most appropriate Control Panel option to address these issues is "Device Manager." The technician can use Device Manager to check and update display drivers, which are often the cause of such problems after an OS upgrade. Updating or reinstalling the correct drivers can help resolve display resolution and color issues.

A. Ease of Access focuses on accessibility features and does not directly address display driver issues.

C. Network and Sharing Center is related to network settings and does not affect display settings.

D. Programs and Features is used for managing installed programs and features but is not relevant for updating display drivers.

Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:

This is a scareware scam that attempts to trick users into installing malicious applications. The best action is to close the website and ignore the pop-up.

B. Replace the smartphone – Incorrect. The phone is likely not compromised; it is just displaying a fake warning.

C. Download and install the application to resolve the issue – Incorrect. Doing so could infect the device with malware.

D. Analyze the smartphone to find the source of the breach – Unnecessary, as there is no real breach.

The inability to launch the expected security policy snap-in is likely because the computer is running Windows Home edition, which does not include the Group Policy Editor or certain other administrative tools available in Professional, Enterprise, and Education editions. The Home edition is designed for general consumer use and lacks some of the advanced security and management features found in higher editions.

Event Viewer (Option A) is the appropriate tool to check for system and application logs, including error messages and crash reports. It helps the technician determine the cause of the crashes by reviewing logged events.

Resource Monitor (Option B) tracks real-time usage of system resources but doesn't log errors.

Performance Monitor (Option C) monitors system performance but isn't primarily used for crash diagnostics.

Device Manager (Option D) manages hardware devices but doesn't provide crash logs.

CompTIA A+ Core 2 References:

3.1 - Troubleshoot common Windows OS problems using tools like Event Viewer

Changing the text size efficiently for different scenarios, such as meetings and regular work tasks, can be managed directly through the Windows display settings. This method is both quick and easily reversible, making it the most efficient solution compared to the other options provided.

Option A: Issuing a laptop to the user with increased font size to be used only for meetingsThis option is not efficient as it requires additional hardware and setup time, which is impractical for simply adjusting text size.

Option B: Using display settings to adjust the text size during meetingsCorrect Answer. Windows provides built-in functionality to adjust the text size on the display. This can be accessed via:

Windows Settings > System > Display.

Under "Scale and layout," you can change the size of text, apps, and other items. This method allows for quick changes and can be reverted just as quickly after meetings.

Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:

The best practice is to add the user to the local Administrators group, allowing them to install software on their own machine without giving them excessive permissions across the entire network.

A. Make the user a member of Domain Admins – Incorrect. This would give too much control over the network, creating a major security risk.

C. Let the user use credentials from another user who has rights – Incorrect. Sharing credentials violates security best practices.

D. Give the user the local, high-privileged account password – Incorrect. This could allow unauthorized configuration changes.

The Network & Internet settings in Windows 10 allow the user to input the SSID and password of a Wi-Fi network, as well as manage other network-related options, such as airplane mode, mobile hotspot, VPN, proxy, etc1. To access the Network & Internet settings, the user can select the Start button, then select Settings > Network & Internet2. Alternatively, the user can right-click the Wi-Fi icon on the taskbar and click "Open Network & Internet Settings"3.

The System settings in Windows 10 allow the user to configure the display, sound, notifications, power, storage, and other system-related options1. The Personalization settings in Windows 10 allow the user to customize the background, colors, lock screen, themes, fonts, and other appearance-related options1. The Accounts settings in Windows 10 allow the user to manage the user accounts, sign-in options, sync settings, and other account-related options1. None of these settings can be used to input the SSID and password of a Wi-Fi network.

Copying the program file to a USB drive and installing it from there is the simplest and most reliable way to transfer the software from the network share to the Windows tablet. The other options are either unnecessary, risky, or impractical. Burning the program file to a CD requires a CD burner and a CD reader, which may not be available on the tablet. Formatting or replacing the HDD will erase all the data and settings on the tablet, which is not advisable unless there is a backup or a serious problem. Moreover, formatting or replacing the HDD will not solve the issue of copying the program file from the network share.

A technician should handle personal communication while on site in a professional and respectful manner. According to the CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1102) exam objectives, one of the best practices for communication skills is to “avoid distractions and interruptions” when working with customers1. This means that the technician should not respond to calls and text messages that are not related to the work or the customer, unless there is an emergency situation that requires a response. Responding to personal communication while on site can be seen as rude, unprofessional, and disrespectful to the customer and their time. It can also affect the quality and efficiency of the technician’s work and cause errors or delays. Therefore, the technician should only respond to calls and text messages when an emergency situation requires a response, and inform the customer about the situation and apologize for the interruption.

The other options are not appropriate for handling personal communication while on site. Responding to calls and text messages while on site but not when working directly with personnel (A) is still distracting and unprofessional, as it can interfere with the technician’s focus and productivity. Responding to calls and text messages only from family (B) is not a valid criterion, as the technician may receive calls and text messages from other sources that are not related to the work or the customer. Responding to calls and text messages discreetly while on site (D) is not a good practice, as it can still be noticed by the customer or other personnel and create a negative impression.

The command md stands for make directory and is used to create a new directory or folder in the current location. In this case, the technician can use md minutes to create a folder named minutes in the C: drive. The other commands are not relevant for this task. c: \minutes is not a command but a path to a folder. dir is used to display a list of files and folders in the current directory. rmdir is used to remove or delete an existing directory or folder.

Windows is the operating system that typically requires the most computing resources from the host computer, compared to the other options. Computing resources include hardware components such as CPU, RAM, disk space, graphics card, and network adapter. The minimum system requirements for an operating system indicate the minimum amount of computing resources needed to install and run the operating system on a computer. The higher the minimum system requirements, the more computing resources the operating system consumes.

According to the web search results, the minimum system requirements for Windows 10 and Windows 11 are as follows12:

CPU: 1 GHz or faster with two or more cores (Windows 10); 1 GHz or faster with two or more cores on a compatible 64-bit processor (Windows 11)

RAM: 1 GB for 32-bit or 2 GB for 64-bit (Windows 10); 4 GB (Windows 11)

Disk space: 16 GB for 32-bit or 32 GB for 64-bit (Windows 10); 64 GB (Windows 11)

Graphics card: DirectX 9 or later with WDDM 1.0 driver (Windows 10); DirectX 12 compatible with WDDM 2.0 driver (Windows 11)

Network adapter: Ethernet or Wi-Fi (Windows 10); Ethernet or Wi-Fi that supports 5 GHz (Windows 11)

The minimum system requirements for macOS Ventura are as follows:

CPU: Intel Core i3 or higher, or Apple M1 chip

RAM: 4 GB

Disk space: 35.5 GB

Graphics card: Metal-capable

Network adapter: Ethernet or Wi-Fi

The minimum system requirements for Chrome OS are as follows:

CPU: Intel Celeron or higher

RAM: 2 GB

Disk space: 16 GB

Graphics card: Integrated

Network adapter: Ethernet or Wi-Fi

The minimum system requirements for Android are as follows:

CPU: 1 GHz or higher

RAM: 512 MB

Disk space: 8 GB

Graphics card: OpenGL ES 2.0

Network adapter: Ethernet or Wi-Fi

The minimum system requirements for Linux vary depending on the distribution, but a common example is Ubuntu, which has the following minimum system requirements:

CPU: 2 GHz dual core processor or better

RAM: 4 GB

Disk space: 25 GB

Graphics card: 1024 x 768 screen resolution

Network adapter: Ethernet or Wi-Fi

Based on the comparison of the minimum system requirements, Windows has the highest requirements for CPU, RAM, disk space, and graphics card, while Chrome OS and Android have the lowest requirements. macOS and Linux have moderate requirements, depending on the hardware and software configuration. Therefore, Windows is the operating system that typically requires the most computing resources from the host computer.

The hostname command-line tool is used to display the name of the local machine. This information can be crucial for identifying the device within a network, especially when setting up remote access or sharing resources like folders and printers. Unlike other command-line tools that provide more detailed network diagnostics or configuration details, hostname straightforwardly offers the device's network identification, making it suitable for the scenario described.References: Official CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2 Student Guide​​.

Isolating the machine from the network is a good practice when troubleshooting a PC that is suspected of being infected with malware. This can prevent the malware from spreading to other devices on the network or communicating with external servers that may control or exploit the malware. Isolating the machine can be done by disconnecting the network cable, disabling the wireless adapter, or blocking the network traffic with a firewall.

The first step in troubleshooting a hardware issue is to identify the hardware device that is causing the problem. Asking the user for the model number of the hardware can help the help desk technician to find the specifications, manuals, drivers, and other relevant information for the device. This can also help the technician to determine if the device is compatible with the user’s system, if it has any known issues or defects, and if it is covered by warranty or support contract. Asking the user for the model number of the hardware is a help desk best practice that can save time and effort in resolving the issue

BitLocker is a Windows security feature that provides encryption for entire volumes, addressing the threats of data theft or exposure from lost, stolen, or inappropriately decommissioned devices1. BitLocker is available on supported devices running Windows 10 or 11 Pro, Enterprise, or Education2. Windows 10 Home does not support BitLocker3, and Windows 10 Embedded is designed for specialized devices and does not offer BitLocker as a feature4. Therefore, the most appropriate Windows 10 edition for a single user who wants to encrypt a hard drive with BitLocker is Professional.

References1: BitLocker overview - Windows Security | Microsoft Learn2: Device encryption in Windows - Microsoft Support3: Can You Turn on BitLocker on Windows 10 Home?4: How to enable device encryption on Windows 10 Home

Recovery mode is a special boot option that allows the user to access advanced tools and features to troubleshoot and remove malware from the device. Recovery mode can also restore the system to a previous state or reset the device to factory settings. Running System Restore, scheduling a scan, or restarting the PC may not be effective in removing the malware, as it may still be active or hidden in the system files.

Configuring remote wipe allows the device owner or administrator to erase all the data on the device remotely, in case it is lost or stolen. This prevents unauthorized access to confidential data and reduces the risk of data breaches. Installing a VPN, implementing location tracking, and enabling backups are useful features, but they do not directly limit the loss of data if the device is compromised. References: CompTIA A+ Certification Exam Core 2 Objectives, Domain 2.0: Security, Objective 2.5: Given a scenario, use methods to secure mobile devices.

XSS stands for cross-site scripting, which is a web security vulnerability that allows an attacker to inject malicious code into a web page that is viewed by other users1. XSS involves sending arbitrary characters in a web page request, such as a query string, a form field, a cookie, or a header, that contain a malicious script. The web server does not validate or encode the input, and returns it as part of the web page response. The browser then executes the script, which can perform various actions on behalf of the attacker, such as stealing cookies, session tokens, or other sensitive information, redirecting the user to a malicious site, or displaying fake content

If a user’s iPhone is permanently locked after several failed log-in attempts, the user will need to use the recovery contact and recovery key to restore access, applications, and data to the device. The recovery contact is a trusted person who can receive a verification code from Apple and share it with the user. The recovery key is a 28-character code that the user created when setting up two-factor authentication for their Apple ID. The user will need to enter both the verification code and the recovery key on another device or computer to unlock their iPhone. This method will erase the iPhone and restore it from the iCloud backup

A static entry is the best option to restore communication for the new machine in a small branch office that does not have a DHCP server. A static entry means manually configuring the IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server for the network adapter of the machine. A static entry ensures that the machine has a valid and unique IP address that matches the network configuration and can communicate with the rest of the network.

The new machine automatically receives the IP address of 169.254.0.2 because it uses APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing), which is a feature that enables computers to self-assign an IP address when a DHCP server is not available. However, APIPA only works for local communication within the same subnet, and does not provide a default gateway or a DNS server. Therefore, the new machine is unable to communicate with the rest of the network, which may be on a different subnet or require a gateway or a DNS server to access.

The other options are not related to restoring communication for the new machine. ARP table is a cache that stores the mapping between IP addresses and MAC addresses for the devices on the network. NTP specification is a protocol that synchronizes the clocks of the devices on the network.

Classification: a) Phishing

This email is a phishing attempt, as it tries to trick the user into clicking on a malicious link that could compromise their account or personal information. Some suspicious items in this email are:

The email has a generic greeting and does not address the user by name.

The email has spelling errors, such as “unusal” and “Locaked”.

The email uses a sense of urgency and fear to pressure the user into clicking on the link.

The email does not match the official format or domain of the IT Help Desk at CompTIA.

The email has two black bat icons, which are not related to CompTIA or IT support.

The appropriate resolution for this email is A. Report email to Information Security. The user should not click on the link, reply to the email, or provide any personal or account information. The user should forward the email to the Information Security team or use a professional email form to report the phishing attempt. The user should also delete the email from their inbox and trash folder.

The suspicious items to select are:

b) From address

d) Hyperlinks

These items indicate that the email is not from a legitimate source and that the link is potentially malicious. The other items are not suspicious in this case, as the to address is the user’s own email and there are no attachments.

Classification: b) Spam

This email is a spam email, as it is an unsolicited and unwanted message that tries to persuade the user to participate in a survey and claim a reward. Some suspicious items in this email are:

The email offers a free wireless headphone as an incentive, which is too good to be true.

The email does not provide any details about the survey company, such as its name, address, or contact information.

The email contains an external survey link, which may lead to a malicious or fraudulent website.

The email does not have an unsubscribe option, which is required by law for commercial emails.

The appropriate resolution for this email is C. Unsubscribe. The user should look for an unsubscribe link or button at the bottom of the email and follow the instructions to opt out of receiving future emails from the sender. The user should also mark the email as spam or junk in their email client, which will help filter out similar emails in the future. The user should not click on the survey link, reply to the email, or provide any personal or financial information.

Classification: c) Legitimate

This email is a legitimate email, as it is from a trusted source and has a valid purpose. There are no suspicious items in this email, as the from address, the to address, the attachment, and the email body are all consistent and relevant. The appropriate resolution for this email is B. Perform no additional actions. The user can open the attachment and review the orientation material as instructed. The user does not need to report, unsubscribe, or delete this email.

Classification: a) Phishing

This email is a phishing attempt, as it tries to deceive the user into downloading and running a malicious attachment that could compromise their system or data. Some suspicious items in this email are:

The email has a generic greeting and does not address the user by name or username.

The email has an urgent tone and claims that a security patch needs to be installed immediately.

The email has an attachment named “patch1.exe”, which is an executable file that could contain malware or ransomware.

The email does not match the official format or domain of CompTIA Information Security.

The appropriate resolution for this email is A. Report email to Information Security. The user should not open the attachment, reply to the email, or provide any personal or account information. The user should forward the email to the Information Security team or use a professional email form to report the phishing attempt. The user should also delete the email from their inbox and trash folder.

Classification: c) Legitimate

This email is a legitimate email, as it is from a trusted source and has a valid purpose. There are no suspicious items in this email, as the from address, the to address, and the email body are all consistent and relevant. The appropriate resolution for this email is B. Perform no additional actions. The user can reply to the email and thank the sender for the interview opportunity. The user does not need to report, unsubscribe, or delete this email.

 If this file is missing or corrupted, it can cause application crashes or errors when trying to open websites in a browser. To fix this, the technician can perform a system file check, which is a utility that scans and repairs corrupted or missing system files1. To perform a system file check, the technician can follow these steps:

Open the Command Prompt as an administrator. To do this, type cmd in the search box on the taskbar, right-click on Command Prompt, and select Run as administrator.

In the Command Prompt window, type sfc /scannow and hit Enter. This will start the scanning and repairing process, which may take some time.

Wait for the process to complete. If any problems are found and fixed, you will see a message saying Windows Resource Protection found corrupt files and successfully repaired them. If no problems are found, you will see a message saying Windows Resource Protection did not find any integrity violations.

Restart your computer and check if the issue is resolved.

The most likely cause of the issue of having different hash values for a downloaded security tool is a modified file. A hash value is a unique and fixed-length string that is generated from an algorithm that processes data or files. A hash value can be used to verify the integrity and authenticity of data or files by comparing it with a known or expected value. If the hash values do not match, it means that the data or file has been altered or corrupted in some way. A modified file may result from intentional or unintentional changes, such as editing, encryption, compression or malware infection. Private-browsing mode is a feature that allows users to browse the web without storing any browsing history, cookies or cache on their browser. Private-browsing mode does not affect the hash value of a downloaded file but only how the browser handles user data. Invalid certificate is an error that occurs when a website or a server does not have a valid or trusted digital certificate that proves its identity and secures its communication. Invalid certificate does not affect the hash value of a downloaded file but only how the browser verifies the website or server’s credibility. Browser cache is a temporary storage that stores copies of web pages, images and other content that users have visited on their browser. 

Chain of custody is a legal term that refers to the chronological documentation or paper trail that records the sequence of custody, control, transfer, analysis, and disposition of materials, including physical or electronic evidence1. It is important in forensic investigations to establish that the evidence is in fact related to the case, and that it has not been tampered with or contaminated. A technician needs to track evidence for a forensic investigation on a Windows computer by following the proper procedures for collecting, handling, storing, and analyzing the evidence, and documenting every step of the process on a chain of custody form23

A VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a service that allows remote employees to access the company’s network resources securely over the internet as if they were on premises. A VPN encrypts the data traffic between the employee’s device and the VPN server, and assigns the employee a virtual IP address that belongs to the company’s network. This way, the employee can access the local servers, files, printers, and other resources without exposing them to the public internet. A VPN also protects the employee’s privacy and identity by masking their real IP address and location.

Full backup is the best option to ensure that the restore process is as simple as possible. A full backup is a backup type that copies all the data from the source to the destination, regardless of whether the data has changed or not. A full backup provides the most complete and consistent backup of the data, and it allows the user to restore the data from a single backup set without relying on any previous or subsequent backups. Incremental, differential, and synthetic backups are not as simple as full backups for restoring data. An incremental backup is a backup type that copies only the data that has changed since the last backup, whether it was full or incremental. An incremental backup requires less time and space than a full backup, but it also requires multiple backup sets to restore the data completely. A differential backup is a backup type that copies only the data that has changed since the last full backup. A differential backup requires more time and space than an incremental backup, but it also requires fewer backup sets to restore the data than an incremental backup. A synthetic backup is a backup type that combines a full backup with one or more incremental or differential backups to create a consolidated backup set. A synthetic backup requires less time and bandwidth than a full backup, but it also requires more processing power and storage space than an incremental or differential backup. References:

Official CompTIA learning resources CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2, page 15

CompTIA A+ Core 1 (220-1101) and Core 2 (220-1102) Cert Guide, page 458

System Restore is a feature that allows the user to revert the system to a previous state. However, this can also restore the malware that was removed by the technician. Disabling System Restore can prevent the operating system from automatically returning to an infected state. Enabling antivirus, educating the user, and enabling System Restore are good preventive measures, but they do not address the question. Disabling antivirus can make the system more vulnerable to malware attacks