C_ABAPD_2507 SAP Certified Associate - Back-End Developer - ABAP Cloud Questions and Answers

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

dats_add_days → ✅ Returns the number of days added/subtracted to a given date → INT4.

dats_days_between → ✅ Returns the number of days between two dates → INT4.

dats_add_months → ❌ Returns a DATE, not INT4.

dats_is_valid → ❌ Returns a BOOLEAN (flag), not INT4.

In CDS, these date functions are used for calculations in queries, supporting business logic pushdown.

Verified Study Guide Reference: ABAP CDS Functions Reference – Date and Time Functions.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

With @Environment.systemField: #SYSTEM_LANGUAGE, the system field sy-langu is automatically supplied as a default value for the parameter.

This works both in ABAP and in view-on-view scenarios (A).

Developers can still override this value when calling the view explicitly (B).

Options C and D are incorrect: system fields are not limited to ABAP only, and overriding is allowed.

Study Guide Reference: ABAP CDS Guide – System Fields in View Parameters.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In ABAP Cloud/RAP examples, test classes are created inside the development object (e.g., inside the behavior implementation) and are marked FOR TESTING—these are local classes (they live in the program/class include, not as separate global repository classes). The guides show creating test classes under the Test Classes tab and referencing the Local Types section of the implementation (friends etc.), i.e., local to the program/object.

This contrasts with global classes that exist as standalone repository objects; the RAP test patterns explicitly model the former (local) for unit tests within the object’s context.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Tier 1 (cloud-ready) extensions “follow ABAP Cloud rules and hence by default can only access the public SAP interfaces (objects released for cloud development).” This directly supports using released APIs (C) and cloud-enabled/released technologies (D).

The three-tier extensibility model separates safe cloud extensions (Tier 1) from classic code; Tier 2 wrappers exist only to mitigate missing public APIs, but they are not the recommended pattern for S/4HANA Cloud public-edition extensions (therefore B is not a rule).

In S/4HANA Cloud, object changes are not allowed; instead, customers must use predefined extension points (E)—for example, whitelisted extension includes, released BAdIs, or CDS extension points exposed for cloud usage—consistent with the ABAP Cloud principle of public, released artifacts only. (This is the prescribed approach in the ABAP Cloud extensibility guidance that accompanies the three-tier model.)

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Modern ABAP encourages well-structured OO patterns under ABAP for Cloud Development, with static checks and typed APIs. A singleton is realized by:

Preventing external instantiation (CREATE PRIVATE).

Holding a static reference attribute to the single instance.

Providing a public static factory (get_instance) that returns the single instance.This aligns with the ABAP Cloud guidance on architecture-driven, upgrade-stable design (strict language, typed APIs, static checks).

(C) is wrong: the factory method must be public so callers can get the instance.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Multi-column internal tables are defined using a structured row type, meaning each row is defined by a structure (either defined inline or as a global structure type in the Dictionary).

Option B is correct because it describes how internal tables with multiple fields are built using structured rows.

Option A is incorrect because the row type must be complete and consistent.

Option C is incorrect because nested components are not a requirement.

Option D is misleading. Though “complete data type” may sound correct, it lacks specificity. The correct technical description is that the row type is a structure.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

In CDS UNION, field names and positions must match exactly across all SELECT statements.

In this case, the first SELECT uses id, while the second uses agencynum AS id, which is fine. However, the literal 'Customer' AS partner and 'Agency' AS partner create inconsistencies.

SAP CDS guidelines specify that for a UNION, field names must be identical and aligned in order; mismatches cause an activation error.

Study Guide Reference: ABAP CDS Development User Guide – Union Compatibility Rules.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Parameters in CDS view entities (WITH PARAMETERS) must always be supplied when querying. In ABAP SQL, the syntax rules are:

A. CorrectSupplying a literal date ('20230101') directly is valid because the parameter p_date is of type abap.dats.

B. CorrectSupplying a value via an ABAP expression using @( ... ) is syntactically correct. Here, cl_abap_context_info=>get_system_date( ) returns the current system date in ABAP Cloud-compliant way, and is wrapped with @() for expression embedding. This is the best practice in ABAP Cloud development.

C. IncorrectBackticks (`...`) are used in ABAP for string templates, not for literals in this context. A date literal must be in quotes '...'.

D. Incorrect:$session.system_date is not valid in ABAP SQL. Session variables like $session.* are supported in HANA SQL, but in ABAP CDS view consumption via ABAP SQL, this is not allowed.

Therefore, only A and B are correct.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

In ABAP Object-Oriented Programming within ABAP Cloud, methods can define multiple parameters of type IMPORTING, EXPORTING, or CHANGING. However, for RETURNING parameters, only one value is permitted per method.

This restriction ensures that RAP BOs and ABAP Cloud classes expose methods with clear, unambiguous outputs, aligning with best practices of encapsulation and functional programming design.

IMPORTING → multiple allowed

EXPORTING → multiple allowed

CHANGING → multiple allowed

RETURNING → exactly one allowed

Verified Study Guide Reference: ABAP Objects Programming Guide (Methods), ABAP Cloud Back-End Developer Documentation – Method Signature Rules.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

avg(expr) → ✅ Allows numeric expressions (e.g., (f1 + f2) / 2).

sum(expr) → ✅ Accepts numeric expressions.

max() → ❌ Requires a single column, not expressions.

count(*) → ❌ Counts rows only, doesn’t accept expressions.

Study Guide Reference: ABAP SQL Documentation – Aggregate Functions.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

SAP recommends using CDS view entities over classic CDS DDIC-based views due to the following benefits:

Simpler and stricter syntax: CDS view entities enforce a clearer separation of concerns and reduce ambiguity, which helps ensure consistency across the stack. This makes Option C correct.

Elimination of the need for a database view: With CDS view entities, there's no dependency on a separate DDIC SQL view object, reducing redundancy and improving activation performance. This makes Option D correct.

Incorrect options:

Automated client handling (Option A) is supported in both CDS view entities and classic CDS views via annotations like @ClientHandling.

Simplified syntax check (Option B) is not a distinct feature of CDS view entities. Syntax checking is part of ABAP Development Tools regardless of the CDS flavor used.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The consumption layer in ABAP CDS views is used to define views for user-facing applications, analytical scenarios, and UI services. The valid view types used at this layer include:

Table Function: Used where custom logic or complex data transformations are required. These are implemented with AMDP or class-based logic and exposed via CDS consumption views.

Analytical Query: Designed for analytical use cases with annotations like @Analytics.query: true to allow exposure to Fiori Analytical apps.

Hierarchy: Used for defining and consuming hierarchical data in CDS. These can be displayed in Fiori Tree tables and analytical contexts.

The following options are incorrect:

Transactional Interface and Transactional Query are not standard view types or part of the CDS view hierarchy used in the consumption layer. These terms may have been incorrectly stated and do not reflect supported CDS artifacts.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

SAP S/4HANA Cloud Extensibility Framework defines personas for extension activities:

Business Experts → implement extensions with business knowledge (using in-app extensibility).

Citizen Developers → build extensions with low-code/no-code tools.

Report Writer and Workflow Administrator are roles, but not part of extensibility personas.

Verified Study Guide Reference: ABAP Cloud Extensibility Guide – Personas in SAP S/4HANA Cloud.

 Database table

 Data model view

 Projection view

 Service definition

 Service binding

In RAP, the development flow follows a bottom-up approach, beginning with persistence and ending with OData exposure:

Database table:The persistence layer where data is stored. This is the foundation of the business object model.

Data model view (CDS entity):The CDS view is defined on top of the database table to provide a semantic data model. It represents entities like Travel or Booking.

Projection view:Provides an abstraction of the data model view and controls which fields and associations are exposed externally.

Service definition:Specifies which projection views (entities) are exposed in the OData service.

Service binding:Connects the service definition to a communication protocol (e.g., OData V2 or V4), generating the final consumable service endpoint.

This sequence ensures a layered architecture consistent with RAP guidelines:

Persistence layer → Data model layer → Projection layer → Service layer → Binding to protocol.

class_setup( )

setup( )

teardown( )

class_teardown( )

ABAP Unit Test framework defines a fixed sequence for test fixture methods to ensure reliable test execution and cleanup:

class_setup( ):Called once before any tests in the test class are run. Used to prepare global test data or setup that applies to all tests.

setup( ):Called before each individual test method to prepare local test data or preconditions.

teardown( ):Called after each individual test method to clean up what was done in setup( ).

class_teardown( ):Called once after all tests have been executed to clean up class-level resources.

This sequence supports isolation and repeatability of test executions, ensuring that one test's result does not influence another’s.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Use ABAP Development Tools (ADT) in Eclipse: For ABAP Cloud development, ADT must be used, and modern object types such as CDS View Entities and Behavior Definitions can only be edited in ADT. This confirms option B.

Use SAP-released/predefined extension points: RAP extensibility is opt-in; every possible extension point must be defined explicitly in the original BO artifacts. Extensions are performed only at these predefined points to ensure lifecycle stability—this is exactly the “use SAP-released extension points” rule. This confirms option A.

In contrast, directly modifying SAP objects is not part of the clean-core, upgrade-stable model for public cloud; extensions must adhere to released APIs and predefined points (therefore C is not correct). The classic Web Dynpro UI technology is not the target for ABAP Cloud development in S/4HANA Cloud public edition (therefore D is not correct). (Context anchored by the extensibility/clean-core guidance above.)

Study-Guide anchors: ABAP Cloud development with ADT only; RAP opt-in extensibility and predefined extension points for cloud-ready, upgrade-safe extensions.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In ABAP, when calculating the difference between two date fields (type DATS), the result is directly a type i (integer) representing the difference in days.

Statement B is correct:

data(gv_diff_days) = gs_booking-flight_date - gs_booking-order_date.

This directly subtracts two DATS fields, resulting in an integer value for the number of days difference. No conversion is necessary.

Statements A and D are incorrect because the conv d( ... ) attempts to convert the result back to a DATS type, which is invalid since the result is an integer (number of days), not a date.

Statement C is syntactically correct but would produce the negative of the desired value (flight date - order date). It is semantically incorrect for the use case.

This approach is consistent with ABAP for Cloud Development, which requires explicit typing, and ABAP language version strict mode, where automatic type inference is restricted.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

In ABAP Cloud, translation is supported for:

Data element texts (short, medium, long descriptions).

Message class texts (used in MESSAGE statements).

Text symbols (defined in programs).

Not translatable:

String variables → runtime values, no translation.

Text literals → hard-coded, not translatable via translation tools.

Study Guide Reference: ABAP Documentation – Text Elements and Translation in ABAP Cloud.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In ABAP SQL, the handling of arithmetic operations — especially division — is handled with care for data types and precision. Here’s how each applies:

B. Numeric function division(numerator, denominator, decimal places) accepts decimal inputThis is correct. The division function is designed for decimal-based calculations, where precision control is needed via the third parameter (number of decimal places). It supports packed numbers (DEC).

C. Numeric function div(numerator, denominator) expects only integer inputThis is correct. The div function is an integer division operator, returning an integer result and only accepts integers as input types.

E. Numeric function division(numerator, denominator, decimal places) accepts floating point inputThis is correct. In addition to decimals, division() can also work with floating point types (FLTP), enabling flexible division where decimals are not sufficient.

A. The division operator “/” accepts decimal inputThis is incorrect in the context of ABAP SQL. The / operator is not available as a built-in operator in Open SQL; arithmetic operations like this are not supported with native operators — only via functions.

D. The division operator “/” accepts floating point inputAgain, this is incorrect, as / is not valid syntax in ABAP SQL queries. Only built-in functions like div or division are supported in the CDS/Open SQL layer.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In the RAP model, a Business Object (BO) is composed of the following key parts:

A CDS view, which defines the data model layer (entity structure, projections, associations).

A Behavior Definition (BDEF), which defines the behavior layer – what operations can be performed (create, update, delete, validations, determinations).

Therefore:

Option B and C are correct.

Option A is incorrect because "Process definition" is not a RAP construct; process logic is handled via behavior implementation and determinations.

Option D is incorrect because "Authentication rules" are managed externally (e.g., via IAM, authorizations), not inside the BO.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

A → Recommended to define attributes for message placeholders.

C → Inheriting from cx_static_check enforces compile-time checks to ensure exceptions are handled.

E → Implementing if_t100_message allows integration with message classes.

B → Misleading, design-time warning is about handling, not raising.

D → Not a recommended practice in ABAP Cloud (system classes are not extendable).

Study Guide Reference: ABAP Objects Guide – Defining Exception Classes.