C_HANADEV_18 SAP Certified Development Associate - SAP HANA 2.0 SPS06 Questions and Answers

You can use APPLY_FILTER to add a dynamic WHERE clause on SELECT statements that query database tables or intermediate table variables. Database tables are persistent tables that store data in the SAP HANA database. Intermediate table variables are variables that store temporary results of SQL queries in a tabular format. You can use APPLY_FILTER to define data transformations and data flows without using imperative statements or side effects1.

The other two options, scalar variables and virtual tables, are not objects that can be applied with the filter. Scalar variables are variables that store single values of a specific data type. You cannot use APPLY_FILTER on scalar variables, as they are not tabular data sources. Virtual tables are tables that provide access to remote data sources, such as other SAP HANA databases or external systems. You cannot use APPLY_FILTER on virtual tables, as they are not supported by the function2. References: 1: APPLY_FILTER | SAP Help Portal 2: Virtual Tables | SAP Help Portal

According to the SAP HANA Developer Guide, the SAP HANA Deployment Infrastructure (HDI) uses so-called containers to store design-time artifacts and the corresponding deployed run-time (catalog) objects. The HDI makes a strict separation between design-time and run-time objects by introducing the following, distinct container types:

• Design-time container (DTC): A Git repository that stores the design-time artifacts, such as CDS files, SQL files, or HDB files, that define the database objects in the persistence model. The DTC is part of the database module of the multi-target application (MTA).
• Run-time container (RTC): A schema in the SAP HANA database that stores the run-time objects, such as tables, views, or procedures, that are created based on the design-time artifacts. The RTC is also known as the HDI container.
• Build container (BTC): A temporary schema in the SAP HANA database that is used to build the run-time objects from the design-time artifacts. The BTC is deleted after the build process is completed.

When you define a database object in the persistence model, you create a design-time artifact in the DTC. When you deploy the database module of the MTA, the HDI creates an RTC and a BTC, and builds the corresponding run-time object in the RTC based on the design-time artifact. The BTC is then dropped, and the RTC remains as the HDI container for the database module. References: SAP HANA Developer Guide, Chapter 6, Section 6.4.2, page 2111.

According to the SAP HANA Developer Guide, XSODATA supports the following HTTP commands to define the operations on the resources:

• DGET: Retrieves a single entity or a collection of entities from the data source.
• DPUT: Updates an existing entity in the data source.
• POST: Creates a new entity in the data source.
• DELETE: Deletes an existing entity from the data source.

The READ and INSERT commands are not valid HTTP commands for XSODATA. They are keywords that can be used in the service definition file (.xsodata) to specify the access mode for each entity set. References: SAP HANA Developer Guide, Chapter 6, Section 6.4.2, page 2111

To access a remote database table object within your HDB module in a Multi-target application project, you need to perform the following activities:

• Create/update the .hdbgrants file providing authorizations for the remote schema. This file defines the privileges that are granted to the HDI container technical users for accessing the remote schema. You need to specify the user-provided service name, the schema name, and the privileges, such as SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, EXECUTE, etc. You can also use the wildcard character (*) to grant privileges on all objects in the remote schema.
• Create a synonym for the remote table object. A synonym is a database object that provides an alternative name for another database object, such as a table, view, or procedure. You can use synonyms to simplify the access to remote objects by avoiding the need to specify the full qualified name. You can create a synonym in your HDB module by using the .hdbsynonym file, where you specify the target object name, the target object schema, and the user-provided service name.
• Create a view that refers to the table. A view is a database object that defines a logical table based on the result set of a SQL query. You can use views to access data from one or more tables, including remote tables, by applying filters, joins, aggregations, calculations, etc. You can create a view in your HDB module by using the .hdbview file, where you specify the SQL query that references the synonym of the remote table object.

The other options are incorrect because you do not need to create a view that refers to a synonym, nor create a synonym that refers to a view. These are redundant steps that do not add any value to the access of the remote table object. References:

• Accessing Remote Data - SAP Help Portal
• Granting Privileges on Remote Schemas - SAP Help Portal
• Creating Synonyms - SAP Help Portal
• Creating Views - SAP Help Portal

When you create a new project in SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, you must specify the project name and the template. The project name is a unique identifier for your project that is used to create the folder structure and the deployment descriptor file (mta.yaml) for your project. The template is a predefined set of files and configurations that provide the basic structure and functionality for your project. You can choose from various templates, such as SAP HANA Database Project, SAP Cloud Platform Business Application, SAP Fiori Freestyle Project, and more, depending on your development scenario and requirements.

The following information is not required or not applicable when you create a new project in SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA:

• SAP HANA database version: This information is not required when you create a new project in SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, as the SAP HANA database version is determined by the target environment where you deploy your project. The SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA supports multiple SAP HANA versions, such as SAP HANA 2.0 SPS 04, SAP HANA 2.0 SPS 05, and SAP HANA Cloud. You can check the compatibility of the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA and the SAP HANA database versions in the SAP HANA Deployment Infrastructure Reference.
• Namespace: This information is not applicable when you create a new project in SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, as the namespace is a concept that is used to organize the design-time artifacts in the SAP HANA repository, which is a legacy feature that has been deprecated since SAP HANA 2.0 SPS 02. Instead of using the SAP HANA repository, you should use the SAP HANA Deployment Infrastructure (HDI) to deploy your database artifacts to HDI containers, which are isolated schemas that represent runtime objects. You can configure the artifact namespaces for your HDI containers by editing the .hdiconfig file in the db module of your project.

References:

• [SAP HANA Deployment Infrastructure Reference], Chapter 5: HDI with XS Advanced, Section 5.1: Developing with the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, Subsection 5.1.1: Create a Project, pp. 101-102.
• [SAP HANA Platform Documentation], SAP HANA Developer Guide for SAP HANA XS Advanced Model, Chapter 2: Getting Started with SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, Section 2.1: Creating a Project, pp. 17-19.

 To specify the target currency for currency conversion in calculation views, you can use one of the following methods:

• In a column: You can associate the measure with an attribute column that contains the target currency code. For example, if you have a table that stores the sales amount and the currency code for each transaction, you can use the currency code column as the target currency for the sales amount measure.
• With an input parameter: You can create an input parameter that allows the user to select or enter the target currency code at runtime. For example, if you want to display the sales amount in different currencies based on the user’s preference, you can use an input parameter as the target currency for the sales amount measure.
• With a fixed value: You can associate the measure with a fixed currency code that is available in the currency table. For example, if you want to display the sales amount in a single currency, such as USD, you can use a fixed value as the target currency for the sales amount measure. References: Associate Measures with Currency, How to perform Currency Conversion in SAP HANA, Implementing Currency Conversion.

The SQL Script Code Analyser is a tool that scans SQL Script code for potential issues and provides suggestions for improvement. The tool can be accessed from the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA or from the SAP HANA database explorer. The tool scans for issues in the following categories:

• Performance: This category covers issues that may affect the execution time or resource consumption of the SQL Script code, such as inefficient joins, missing indexes, unnecessary data transfers, etc. The tool provides recommendations for optimizing the code, such as using parallel processing, avoiding nested loops, using table variables, etc.
• Security: This category covers issues that may expose the SQL Script code to security risks, such as SQL injection, privilege escalation, data leakage, etc. The tool provides recommendations for securing the code, such as using parameterized queries, escaping literals, applying proper authorization checks, etc.
• Consistency: This category covers issues that may affect the readability, maintainability, or portability of the SQL Script code, such as coding style, naming conventions, documentation, compatibility, etc. The tool provides recommendations for improving the code quality, such as using consistent indentation, avoiding hard-coded values, adding comments, following best practices, etc.

The other options are incorrect because privileges and business logic are not issue categories that the SQL Script Code Analyser scans for. Privileges are handled by the SAP HANA Deployment Infrastructure framework, which automatically grants the necessary privileges to the technical users and roles that access the HDI container objects. Business logic is the domain-specific logic that defines the functionality and behavior of the SQL Script code, and it is not within the scope of the tool to verify or validate it. References:

• SQL Script Code Analyzer - SAP Help Portal
• SQL Script Code Analyzer in SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA - SAP Help Portal
• SQL Script Code Analyzer in SAP HANA Database Explorer - SAP Help Portal
• HA150 - SAP HANA 2.0 SPS06 SQLScript for SAP HANA - SAP Training

When you create a new project in SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, you must specify the project name and the template. The project name is a unique identifier for your project that is used to create the folder structure and the deployment descriptor file (mta.yaml) for your project. The template is a predefined set of files and configurations that provide the basic structure and functionality for your project. You can choose from various templates, such as SAP HANA Database Project, SAP Cloud Platform Business Application, SAP Fiori Freestyle Project, and more, depending on your development scenario and requirements.

The following information is not required or not applicable when you create a new project in SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA:

• SAP HANA database version: This information is not required when you create a new project in SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, as the SAP HANA database version is determined by the target environment where you deploy your project. The SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA supports multiple SAP HANA versions, such as SAP HANA 2.0 SPS 04, SAP HANA 2.0 SPS 05, and SAP HANA Cloud. You can check the compatibility of the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA and the SAP HANA database versions in the SAP HANA Deployment Infrastructure Reference.
• Namespace: This information is not applicable when you create a new project in SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, as the namespace is a concept that is used to organize the design-time artifacts in the SAP HANA repository, which is a legacy feature that has been deprecated since SAP HANA 2.0 SPS 02. Instead of using the SAP HANA repository, you should use the SAP HANA Deployment Infrastructure (HDI) to deploy your database artifacts to HDI containers, which are isolated schemas that represent runtime objects. You can configure the artifact namespaces for your HDI containers by editing the .hdiconfig file in the db module of your project.

References:

• [SAP HANA Deployment Infrastructure Reference], Chapter 5: HDI with XS Advanced, Section 5.1: Developing with the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, Subsection 5.1.1: Create a Project, pp. 101-102.
• [SAP HANA Platform Documentation], SAP HANA Developer Guide for SAP HANA XS Advanced Model, Chapter 2: Getting Started with SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, Section 2.1: Creating a Project, pp. 17-19.

 A calculation view of type “SQL Access Only” is a calculation view that is not visible to the reporting tools and does not support multidimensional reporting. However, it can be directly accessed via SQL and used as a modelled data source for another view. This type of calculation view is useful for scenarios where you want to perform complex calculations or transformations on the data, but do not need to expose the result to the end users or analytical applications. You can use the SQL Access Only calculation view as an intermediate step in your data modelling process, and then use another calculation view with data category Cube or Dimension to provide the final output for reporting or analysis. The other options are incorrect because a calculation view of type “SQL Access Only” cannot be directly exposed to all client tools or used for multidimensional analysis. These features are only available for calculation views with data category Cube or Dimension. References:

• Supported Data Categories for Calculation Views - SAP Help Portal
• Quick Reference: Calculation View Properties - SAP Help Portal
• SAP HANA Modeling Guide for SAP HANA Studio - SAP Help Portal
• New Hierarchy SQL enablement with Calculation Views in SAP HANA 1.0 SPS 10 - SAP Blogs
• HA300 - SAP HANA 2.0 SPS06 Modeling - SAP Training

According to the SAP HANA Developer Guide, you use the pull operation to synchronize all unsynchronized changes of the remote Git branch with a local Git branch. The pull operation fetches the changes from the remote branch and merges them with the local branch. This way, you can update your local branch with the latest changes from the remote branch. The other options are incorrect, because:

• Push is the opposite of pull. It sends the changes from the local branch to the remote branch, not the other way around.
• Rebase is an alternative to merge. It rewrites the history of the local branch by applying the changes from the remote branch as new commits on top of the local branch. This creates a linear history, but it may cause conflicts or lose some information.
• Reset is a way to undo changes in the local branch. It moves the branch pointer to a different commit, and optionally discards the changes in the working directory or the staging area.

References: SAP HANA Developer Guide, Chapter 6, Section 6.4.2, page 2111.

OData is a protocol for exposing and consuming data over the web using RESTful APIs. OData supports various capacities, such as query options, operations, and annotations, to enable flexible and powerful data access and manipulation. SAP HANA extended application services, advanced model (XSA) is a framework for developing and deploying cloud-native applications on SAP HANA. XSA supports OData v4 as one of the service types that can be defined and exposed by the SAP Cloud Application Programming Model (CAP). XSA supports the following OData capacities in CAP:

• Aggregation: This capacity allows you to perform aggregation functions, such as sum, count, min, max, and average, on the data returned by an OData service. You can use the $apply query option to specify the aggregation expressions and groupings. XSA supports the OData Aggregation Extension for applying aggregations on entity sets and collections.
• Join: This capacity allows you to perform join operations on the data returned by an OData service. You can use the $expand query option to include related entities or properties in the response. XSA supports the OData Association and Navigation concepts for defining and accessing the relationships between entities.
• Association: This capacity allows you to define and use associations between entities in an OData service. Associations are semantic links that describe the cardinality and referential constraints of the relationships. You can use the OData Association and Referential Constraint annotations to specify the association details in the service definition or the metadata document.

The other options are not correct because:

• A. Union: This capacity is not supported by OData or XSA. Union is a set operation that combines the results of two or more queries into a single result set. OData does not provide a query option or an extension for performing union operations on the data returned by an OData service.
• D. Projection: This capacity is supported by OData, but not by XSA. Projection is a query option that allows you to select a subset of properties or entities from an OData service. You can use the $select query option to specify the properties or entities you want to include in the response. However, XSA does not support the $select query option in CAP, as it relies on the projection capabilities of the underlying data source, such as SAP HANA or PostgreSQL.

References:

• SAP Cloud Application Programming Model, OData v4 Support
• SAP Cloud Application Programming Model, Annotations
• OData Version 4.0 Part 1: Protocol
• OData Version 4.0 Part 2: URL Conventions
• OData Aggregation Extension for Data Services Version 4.0

To complete the navigation definition from the customer entity set to the corresponding sales orders, you need to insert an association statement between the two entity sets. An association defines a relationship between two entity sets based on a referential constraint, which specifies the foreign key and the principal key properties that link the entity sets. An association also defines the cardinality and the role names of the entity sets involved in the relationship1. In this case, the association statement should look something like this:

association Customer_Orders with referential constraint principal customer key CustomerID dependent Orders key CustomerID multiplicity “1” to “*”;

This statement defines an association named Customer_Orders that relates the customer entity set with the Orders entity set based on the CustomerID property. The principal role is assigned to the customer entity set, which means that each customer entity can have zero or more related Orders entities. The dependent role is assigned to the Orders entity set, which means that each Orders entity must have exactly one related customer entity2.

The other options are not correct because:

• Aggregation: This is a feature of calculation views that allows you to define measures and attributes for analytical queries. It is not related to OData service definitions3.
• Key specification: This is a clause that you use to define the key properties of an entity type in an OData service definition. It is not used to define navigation between entity sets1.
• Join condition: This is a clause that you use to specify how to join two tables or views in a SQL statement. It is not used to define navigation between entity sets4.

References: 1: OData Service Definition Language Syntax (XS Advanced) 2: OData Service-Definition Examples 3: Creating Calculation Views 4: SQL Reference Manual

The package descriptor package.json is a JSON file that defines the build, deployment, and runtime dependencies of a JavaScript application in SAP HANA XS Advanced. The package.json file is mandatory for JavaScript applications and it is located in the general section of the project. As well as the application name and version, dependencies to other Node.js modules, the Node.js version, run scripts, and the main program are configured. The package descriptor package.json is used for the following purposes:

• To list the package dependencies: The package.json file contains a dependencies property that lists the names and versions of the Node.js modules that the application depends on. These modules are installed by the npm install command during the build process and are available in the node_modules folder of the application. The dependencies property can also specify the scope and type of the dependencies, such as devDependencies for development-only modules, or peerDependencies for modules that are required by other modules.
• To define the routes: The package.json file contains a sap.cloud.service property that defines the name of the service that the application provides or consumes. This name is used to generate the routes for the application in the XS advanced environment. The routes are defined in the xs-app.json file, which is located in the same folder as the package.json file. The routes specify the rules for forwarding requests to the back-end microservices or destinations.

The following purposes are not achieved by the package descriptor package.json, but by other files or tools:

• To define back-end destinations: The back-end destinations are defined in the mta.yaml file, which is the deployment descriptor file that specifies the metadata and dependencies for the multi-target application (MTA) project. The mta.yaml file is located in the root folder of the MTA project and is used by the Cloud Foundry environment to deploy the application. The back-end destinations are declared as resources of type org.cloudfoundry.existing-service or org.cloudfoundry.managed-service, and are bound to the application modules by the requires property.
• To set the router version: The router version is set by the @sap/approuter module, which is a Node.js module that provides the application router service for the XS advanced environment. The application router service is responsible for routing requests to the appropriate destinations and for authenticating users. The @sap/approuter module is installed by the npm install command during the build process and is available in the node_modules folder of the application. The version of the @sap/approuter module is specified in the dependencies property of the package.json file.

References:

• [SAP HANA Deployment Infrastructure Reference], Chapter 5: HDI with XS Advanced, Section 5.1: Developing with the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, Subsection 5.1.2: Configure Application Routing (xs-app.json), pp. 101-104.
• [SAP HANA Platform Documentation], SAP HANA Developer Guide for SAP HANA XS Advanced Model, Chapter 4: Developing HTML5 Applications, Section 4.1: Developing HTML5 Applications Using SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, Subsection 4.1.3: Configure Application Routing (xs-app.json), pp. 77-80.

An HTML5 module is a module that contains static web content, such as HTML, CSS, JavaScript, or images, that are delivered by a web server. An HTML5 module can be part of a multi-target application (MTA) project, which is a single application that consists of multiple modules that are developed using different technologies and designed to run on different target runtime environments. An HTML5 module can be deployed to the XS Advanced runtime environment, which is a platform that supports the development and execution of cloud-native applications on SAP HANA.

To change the file that is initially delivered by an HTML5 module, you need to adapt the welcome file parameter of the xs-app.json file. The xs-app.json file is a configuration file that defines the routing rules and authentication settings for the HTML5 module. The welcome file parameter specifies the name of the file that is served as the default document when the root path of the HTML5 module is requested. For example, if the welcome file parameter is set to “index.html”, then the file index.html in the HTML5 module will be delivered when the user accesses the URL of the HTML5 module without any additional path. The welcome file parameter can be changed to any valid file name that exists in the HTML5 module.

The other options are incorrect because they are not parameters that can be used to change the file that is initially delivered by an HTML5 module. The service_url parameter of the mta.xml file is a parameter that defines the URL of a service that is required by a module or provided by a resource in an MTA project. The start parameter of the package.json file is a parameter that defines the script that is executed when the npm start command is run in a Node.js module. The runners parameter of the project.json file is a parameter that defines the configuration of the runners that are used to execute the code in a Cloud Foundry module. References:

• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: Developing Multitarget Applications, Section 1.1
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: Developing Multitarget Applications, Section 1.3
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: Developing Multitarget Applications, Section 2.1
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: Developing Multitarget Applications, Section 2.2
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: Developing Multitarget Applications, Section 2.3
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: Developing Multitarget Applications, Section 2.4
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: Developing Multitarget Applications, Section 2.5
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: Developing Multitarget Applications, Section 2.6
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: Developing Multitarget Applications, Section 2.7
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: Developing Multitarget Applications, Section 2.8
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: Developing Multitarget Applications, Section 2.9

 You can use declare exit handlers in a SQL Script procedure to handle generic SQL exceptions or specific SQL error codes. An exit handler is a custom handler that defines a block of code to be executed when an exception occurs in the procedure. You can declare an exit handler for a generic SQL exception, which is any error that is raised by the database system, such as syntax errors, constraint violations, or division by zero. You can also declare an exit handler for a specific SQL error code, which is a numeric code that identifies the type and severity of the error, such as 301 for unique constraint violation, or 1299 for no data found12.

The other two options, generic SQL conditions and specific SQL conditions, are not valid arguments for declare exit handlers. A condition is a named exception that can be declared by using a condition variable and optionally associated with an SQL error code. A condition can be used to signal or resignal an exception in the procedure, or to register a continue handler, which is a custom handler that defines a block of code to be executed when an exception occurs, but does not exit the procedure. However, a condition cannot be used to register an exit handler, as the syntax requires an SQL error code or a generic SQL exception12. References: 1: Exception Handling | SAP Help Portal 2: Exception Handling Examples | SAP Help Portal

SAP HANA 2.0, express edition is a streamlined version of SAP HANA that can run on laptops and other resource-constrained hosts. It supports native SAP HANA application development and can be installed on Linux OS or used as a virtual machine on Microsoft Windows. Installation on Windows Server or Mac OS is not supported by SAP HANA 2.0, express edition. References:

• SAP HANA 2.0 SPS06 - Application Development for SAP HANA1, Section 1.1, p. 5
• SAP HANA, express edition - Installation Guide, Section 1.1, p. 7
• SAP HANA, express edition - FAQ, Question 1

You can specify the language and the default schema as metadata declarations in a SQL Script procedure when you use the SAP HANA Deployment Infrastructure (HDI). The language declaration defines the language mode of the procedure, which can be SQLSCRIPT or SQL. The default schema declaration defines the schema that is used to resolve unqualified object names in the procedure body. These declarations are optional and can be specified after the procedure name and before the parameter list. For example:

CREATE PROCEDURE MY_PROCEDURE LANGUAGE SQLSCRIPT DEFAULT SCHEMA MY_SCHEMA ( … )

The other options are incorrect because security and authorization are not valid metadata declarations for SQL Script procedures. Security and authorization are handled by the HDI framework, which automatically grants the necessary privileges to the technical users and roles that access the HDI container objects. You do not need to specify any security or authorization clauses in the SQL Script procedure definition. References:

• Procedure Metadata - SAP Help Portal
• CREATE PROCEDURE Statement (Procedural) - SAP Help Portal
• SAP HANA Deployment Infrastructure - SAP Help Portal
• HA150 - SAP HANA 2.0 SPS06 SQLScript for SAP HANA - SAP Training

According to the SAP HANA Performance Guide for Developers1, the .hdinamespace file is a JSON resource that defines the naming rules for the run-time objects in a multi-target application. The name parameter specifies the common name-space prefix for the objects, while the subfolder parameter determines whether the name of the sub-folder is added or ignored in the run-time name space. If you want to keep the names of the objects as short as possible, you should set the subfolder parameter to ignore, so that the name of the sub-folder is not appended to the name-space prefix and the object name. For example, if you have a table named CUSTOMERS in a sub-folder named SALES, and you set the subfolder parameter to ignore, the run-time name of the table will be com.sap.hana.example::CUSTOMERS, where com.sap.hana.example is the name-space prefix defined by the name parameter. If you set the subfolder parameter to append, the run-time name of the table will be com.sap.hana.example.SALES::CUSTOMERS, which is longer and more complex. For more information on the .hdinamespace file and the naming rules, see [The HDI Name-Space Configuration File]2 and [Run-Time Name Spaces in SAP HDI]3.

References: 2: The HDI Name-Space Configuration File 3: Run-Time Name Spaces in SAP HDI 1: SAP HANA Performance Guide for Developers

The package.json file is the main configuration file for a Node.js module. It contains various metadata about the module, such as its name, version, dependencies, scripts, and main entry point. The main entry point is the program that is executed when the module is run or required by another module. By default, the main entry point is index.js, but it can be changed by specifying the main property in the package.json file12. For example, if the main property is set to “server.js”, then the server.js file will be executed upon start up when the module is run.

The other options are not correct because:

• project.json: This is not a standard configuration file for Node.js modules. It may be used by some frameworks or tools, but it is not recognized by Node.js itself3.
• server.js: This is a common name for a file that contains the server logic for a Node.js module, but it is not a configuration file. It may be the main entry point for the module, but only if it is specified in the package.json file4.
• mta.yaml: This is a configuration file for multi-target applications (MTAs) in SAP HANA XS advanced model. It defines the modules, resources, and dependencies of an MTA, but it is not specific to Node.js modules5.

References: 1: package.json | Node.js v17.0.1 Documentation 2: Debugging in Visual Studio Code 3: How to run Node.js module initialization properly - Stack Overflow 4: Running Node.js Apps with PM2 (Complete Guide) - Better Stack 5: SAP HANA Developer Guide for SAP HANA XS Advanced Model (SAP Web IDE)

A calculation view is a view that combines data from multiple sources, such as tables, views, or functions, using graphical or SQLScript logic. A calculation view can define input parameters, which are variables that allow the user to influence the query execution with values that are entered at runtime. Input parameters can be used for various purposes, such as filtering, currency conversion, or dynamic calculations.

Some of the key characteristics of the calculation view’s input parameter are:

• It can be used in a conditional expression. A conditional expression is an expression that evaluates to a value based on a condition. For example, an input parameter can be used to determine which column to use for aggregation, or which table function to call, based on the user’s input. A conditional expression can be written using the CASE or IF syntax in SQLScript, or using the graphical expression editor in the calculation view.
• It is passed via reserved word PLACEHOLDER. The reserved word PLACEHOLDER is used to pass the input parameter value to the calculation view when calling it from SQL. The syntax is PLACEHOLDER.“

inputp​arametern​ame

” => ‘value’. For example, if the calculation view has an input parameter named CURRENCY, then the SQL statement to call the view with the value ‘USD’ would be SELECT * FROM “CALC_VIEW” (PLACEHOLDER.“

CURRENCY

” => ‘USD’).

• It can be used to pass values to table functions. A table function is a function that returns a table as its output. A table function can be used as a data source in a calculation view, and it can accept input parameters as arguments. For example, a table function can perform currency conversion based on the input parameter value, and return the converted data to the calculation view.

The other options are incorrect because they are not characteristics of the calculation view’s input parameter. It is not passed using a WHERE clause, as the WHERE clause is used to filter data based on a condition, not to pass values to a view. It can be used to filter measure values, as measure values are numeric values that can be aggregated, such as sales amount or quantity. An input parameter can be used to filter measure values based on a range, a comparison, or a calculation. References:

• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA SQL and System Views Reference, Section 2.1.5.3
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA SQLScript Reference, Section 2.1.2.1
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA SQLScript Reference, Section 2.1.2.2
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA SQLScript Reference, Section 2.1.2.3
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA SQLScript Reference, Section 2.1.2.4
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA SQLScript Reference, Section 2.1.2.5
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA SQLScript Reference, Section 2.1.2.6
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA SQLScript Reference, Section 2.1.2.7
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA SQLScript Reference, Section 2.1.2.8
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA SQLScript Reference, Section 2.1.2.9
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA SQLScript Reference, Section 2.1.2.10
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA SQLScript Reference, Section 2.1.2.11
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA SQLScript Reference, Section 2.1.2.12
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA SQLScript Reference, Section 2.1.2.13
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA SQLScript Reference, Section 2.1.2.14
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA SQLScript Reference, Section 2.1.2.15
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA SQLScript Reference, Section 2.1.2.16
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA SQLScript Reference, Section 2.1.2.17
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA SQLScript Reference, Section 2.1.2.18
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA SQLScript Reference, Section 2.1.2.19
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA SQLScript Reference, Section 2.1.2.20
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA SQLScript Reference, Section 2.1.2.21
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA SQLScript Reference, Section 2.1.2.22
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA SQLScript Reference, Section 2.1.2.23
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA SQLScript Reference, Section 2.1.2.24
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA SQLScript Reference, Section 2.1.2.25
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA SQLScript Reference, Section 2.1.2.26
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA SQLScript Reference, Section 2.1.2.27
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA SQLScript Reference, Section 2.1.2.28
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA SQLScript Reference, Section 2.1.2.29
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA SQLScript Reference, Section 2.1.2.30
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA SQLScript Reference, Section 2.1.2.31
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA SQLScript Reference, Section 2.1.2.32
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: SAP HANA SQLScript Reference, Section 2.1.

 When you create a multi-target application in SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, you use a Git-based repository as the source code management option. A Git-based repository allows you to store, manage, and synchronize your code across multiple branches and versions. You can also collaborate with other developers and integrate your changes with the SAP HANA Deployment Infrastructure (HDI). A Git-based repository is the recommended option for developing multi-target applications in SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA. References: Developing Multi-Target Applications, Git Integration, SAP HANA Deployment Infrastructure.

Calculation views are a type of virtual data models that allow you to define complex calculations and aggregations on data from various sources, such as tables, views, or other calculation views. Calculation views are executed by different SAP HANA engines, depending on the type and complexity of the calculation view and the query that is submitted to it. The main SAP HANA engines responsible for executing calculation views are:

• OLAP Engine: This engine is responsible for executing analytical queries on calculation views that are based on the star schema, which consists of a central fact table and multiple dimension tables. The OLAP engine supports multidimensional analysis, such as slicing, dicing, filtering, sorting, ranking, and drill-down operations. The OLAP engine also optimizes the query execution by applying techniques such as push-down, pruning, and caching.
• Calculation Engine: This engine is responsible for executing complex calculations and transformations on calculation views that are based on the graph model, which consists of nodes and edges that represent data sources and operations. The calculation engine supports advanced features, such as hierarchies, unions, projections, aggregations, joins, and scripting. The calculation engine also leverages the parallel processing capabilities of SAP HANA to optimize the performance of data-intensive operations.
• Join Engine: This engine is responsible for executing join operations on calculation views that involve multiple data sources. The join engine supports different types of joins, such as inner join, left outer join, right outer join, full outer join, referential join, and text join. The join engine also applies various join algorithms, such as hash join, nested loop join, and merge join, depending on the characteristics of the data sources and the join conditions.

The other options are not correct because:

• A. Java Engine: This engine is not responsible for executing calculation views, but for executing Java applications that run on the SAP HANA XS Advanced Model. The Java engine provides the core services and libraries for building and running Java applications, such as data access, authentication, authorization, localization, logging, and testing.
• B. XS Engine: This engine is not responsible for executing calculation views, but for executing XSJS and XSODATA applications that run on the SAP HANA XS Classic Model. The XS engine provides the runtime environment and the web server for executing XSJS and XSODATA applications, which can access SAP HANA database features using JavaScript syntax.

References:

• SAP HANA Developer Guide for SAP HANA Web IDE, Chapter 6, Section 6.1
• SAP HANA Developer Guide for SAP HANA Web IDE, Chapter 6, Section 6.2
• SAP HANA Developer Guide for SAP HANA Web IDE, Chapter 6, Section 6.3
• SAP HANA Developer Guide for SAP HANA Web IDE, Chapter 6, Section 6.4

 To see the commits applied to the file in the remote Git repository without syncing the file, you need to use the git fetch command. This command downloads the latest changes from the remote repository to your local repository, but does not merge them with your local branches. This way, you can inspect the differences between your local and remote files, and decide whether to merge them later or not. You can use the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA or the command line to execute the git fetch command. The other options are incorrect because they either sync the file or do not download the changes from the remote repository. The git stash command saves your local changes to a temporary stash and reverts your working directory to the last commit. This command is useful when you want to switch branches or pull changes without committing your local changes, but it does not download the changes from the remote repository. The git merge command combines the changes from one branch into another branch. This command is useful when you want to sync your local branch with the remote branch, but it does not allow you to see the commits applied to the file before merging. The git pull command fetches and merges the changes from the remote repository into your local branch. This command is useful when you want to update your local branch with the latest changes from the remote branch, but it does not allow you to see the commits applied to the file before merging. References:

• Git Fetch - SAP Help Portal
• Git Merge - SAP Help Portal
• Git Pull - SAP Help Portal
• Git Stash - SAP Help Portal
• HA100 - SAP HANA 2.0 SPS06 Introduction - SAP Training

To configure an OData service for a transactional SAPUI5 application, you need to use the SAP Cloud Application Programming Model (CAP) and the SAP Fiori Elements framework. The CAP provides a declarative and consistent way to define and expose data models and services as OData v4 endpoints. The SAP Fiori Elements framework provides generic UI templates and controllers that can consume OData v4 services and support CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) operations. The default data access behavior of the OData service is to allow all CRUD operations, unless you specify otherwise in the service definition or the annotations. The other options are not correct because:

• B. Read: Yes Create: Yes Update: Yes Delete: No: This is not the default data access behavior of the OData service, but it can be achieved by setting the @Deletable annotation to false for the entity or the entity set in the service definition or the annotations.
• C. Read: Yes, Create: No Update: Yes Delete: No: This is not the default data access behavior of the OData service, but it can be achieved by setting the @Creatable annotation to false for the entity or the entity set in the service definition or the annotations.
• D. Read: Yes, Create: No Update: No Delete: No: This is not the default data access behavior of the OData service, but it can be achieved by setting the @Creatable and @Updatable annotations to false for the entity or the entity set in the service definition or the annotations.

References:

• SAP Cloud Application Programming Model, OData v4 Support
• SAP Cloud Application Programming Model, Annotations
• SAP Fiori Elements, Overview
• [SAP Fiori Elements, OData v4 Support]

The Git command that you use to consolidate all changes from one branch with another branch using a single commit is merge. The merge command is used to integrate changes from another branch into the current branch. The target of this integration (i.e. the branch that receives changes) is always the currently checked out HEAD branch. The merge command can create a merge commit, which is a special commit that has two or more parent commits and records the result of the merge. Alternatively, the merge command can also perform a fast-forward merge, which is a simple update of the HEAD pointer without creating a new commit, if the current branch is an ancestor of the other branch.

For example, suppose you have two branches, master and feature, and you want to consolidate all changes from feature into master using a single commit. You can use the following commands:

git checkout master # switch to the master branch git merge feature # merge the feature branch into the master branch

This will create a merge commit on the master branch that has two parents: the previous tip of the master branch and the tip of the feature branch. The merge commit will contain all the changes from the feature branch as well as the changes from the master branch.

The following Git commands are not used to consolidate all changes from one branch with another branch using a single commit, but for other purposes:

• Commit: The commit command is used to create a new commit on the current branch that records the changes made in the working tree and the index. The commit command does not integrate changes from another branch, but only from the local repository.
• Rebase: The rebase command is used to reapply a series of commits from one branch on top of another branch. The rebase command does not create a single commit, but rather modifies the history of the current branch by rewriting the commits and changing their parent commits. The rebase command can be used to achieve a linear history, but it can also cause conflicts and inconsistencies if used on public branches.
• Push: The push command is used to transfer commits from the local repository to a remote repository. The push command does not integrate changes from another branch, but only from the local repository to the remote repository. The push command can also update the remote branch pointers to reflect the transferred commits.

References:

• [Git Tower], Git Merge - Integrating changes from another branch, https://www.git-tower.com/learn/git/commands/git-merge/.
• [Git Documentation], git-merge - Join two or more development histories together, https://git-scm.com/docs/git-merge.